IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,439,748
Granted Patent B2
US 12,439,748 · App. 18/121,730 · Granted Oct 7, 2025

Illumination apparatus comprising passive optical nanostructures

Inventors: Jonathan Harrold (Upper Heyford, GB); Michael G. Robinson (Boulder, CO); Graham J. Woodgate (Henley-on-Thames, GB)
Assignee: RealD Spark, LLC
H10H20/855B82Y20/00H10H20/821H10H20/857H10H20/0363
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,439,748
App. No.
18/121,730
Granted
Oct 7, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

An illumination apparatus is manufactured by selectively removing passive optical nanostructures from a monolithic array of light-emitting elements while preserving their relative spatial position. The nanostructures are selected such that, in at least one direction, for at least one pair of the selectively removed passive optical nanostructures, for each respective pair there is at least one nanostructure that is not selected that was positioned in the monolithic array between the pair of selectively removed passive optical nanostructures in the at least one direction, forming a non-monolithic array of passive optical nanostructures with the selectively removed passive optical nanostructures while preserving their relative spatial position, and aligning each of the passive optical nanostructures of the non-monolithic array with a respective light-emitting element of the non-monolithic array of light-emitting elements.

Claims (51)

1. An illumination apparatus, comprising:

an array of light-emitting elements; and

an array of first passive optical nanostructures, wherein each of the first passive optical nanostructures of the array of first passive optical nanostructures is aligned with a respective light-emitting element of the array of light-emitting elements,

wherein the array of first passive optical nanostructures is formed by the method of:

selectively removing a plurality of first passive optical nanostructures from a first monolithic array of first passive optical nanostructures in a manner that preserves the relative spatial position of the selectively removed first passive optical nanostructures, wherein the plurality of first passive optical nanostructures that are selectively removed from the first monolithic array are selected such that, in at least one direction, for at least one pair of the selectively removed first passive optical nanostructures in the at least one direction, for each respective pair there is at least one respective first passive optical nanostructure that is not selected that was positioned in the first monolithic array between the pair of selectively removed first passive optical nanostructures in the at least one direction, wherein the position of the selective removal relative to the monolithic array of first passive optical nanostructures is based on a determination that a characteristic of the first passive optical nanostructures satisfies a pre-determined measurement threshold for an optical or electrical characteristic;

forming the array of first passive optical nanostructures with the selectively removed first passive optical nanostructures in a manner that preserves the relative spatial position of the selectively removed first passive optical nanostructures.

2. The illumination apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the array of light-emitting elements is formed on a support substrate.

3. The illumination apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the array of light-emitting elements and the array of first passive optical nanostructures are sandwiched between the support substrate and another substrate opposite to the support substrate, such that each first passive optical nanostructure is aligned with a respective light-emitting element.

4. The illumination apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the first passive optical nanostructures of the array of passive optical nanostructures is stacked onto a respective light-emitting element of the array of light-emitting elements.

5. The illumination apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the light-emitting elements is a micro-LED comprising a maximum dimension of at most 300 micrometers.

6. The illumination apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the first passive optical nanostructures has a maximum dimension of at most 400 micrometers.

7. The illumination apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a maximum dimension of each of the first passive optical nanostructures is greater than or equal to a maximum dimension of a light-emitting area of a light-emitting element aligned with that first passive optical nanostructure.

8. The illumination apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first passive optical nanostructures comprise one or more sub-features with a maximum dimension of at most 5 micrometers.

9. The illumination apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first passive optical nanostructures comprise any one of the following types:

wire grid polarisers;

form birefringence retarders;

quantum dot or quantum rod colour conversion structures;

distributed Bragg reflectors;

metamaterials;

Fabry Perot resonator structures;

dichroic stacks;

holograms;

moth-eye structures;

nano-black materials;

nano-collimators;

air gap enclosing nanocolumns;

photonic crystals.

10. The illumination apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first passive optical nanostructures are wire grid polarisers.

11. The illumination apparatus of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the wire grid polarisers is aligned with its respective light-emitting element with a first orientation and at least one other wire grid polariser is aligned with its respective light-emitting element with a second orientation, the second orientation being orthogonal to the first orientation.

12. The illumination apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first passive optical nanostructures are quantum dot or quantum rod colour conversion structures.

13. The illumination apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

a second array of second passive optical nanostructures, each of the second passive optical nanostructures of the second array of second passive optical nanostructures is aligned with a respective light-emitting element of the array of light-emitting elements,

wherein the second array of second passive optical nanostructures is formed by the method of:

selectively removing a plurality of second passive optical nanostructures from a second monolithic array of second passive optical nanostructures in a manner that preserves the relative spatial position of the selectively removed second passive optical nanostructures, wherein the plurality of second passive optical nanostructures that are selectively removed from the second monolithic array are selected such that, in at least one direction, for at least one pair of the selectively removed second passive optical nanostructures in the at least one direction, for each respective pair there is at least one respective second passive optical nanostructure that is not selected that was positioned in the second monolithic array between the pair of selectively removed second passive optical nanostructures in the at least one direction; and

forming the array of second passive optical nanostructures with the selectively removed second passive optical nanostructures such that the relative spatial position of the selectively removed second passive optical nanostructures is preserved.

14. The illumination apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the first passive optical nanostructures are a different type of passive optical nanostructure to the second passive optical nanostructures.

15. The illumination apparatus of claim 13 , wherein each second passive optical nanostructure of the second array of passive optical nanostructures is stacked onto either a respective light-emitting element or a respective first passive optical nanostructure.

16. The illumination apparatus of claim 13 , wherein:

at least one of the light-emitting elements with a first passive optical nanostructure aligned therewith does not have a second passive optical nanostructure aligned therewith; or

at least one of the light-emitting elements with a second passive optical nanostructure aligned therewith does not have a first passive optical nanostructure aligned therewith.

17. The illumination apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the array of light-emitting elements is formed by the method of:

selectively removing a plurality of light-emitting elements from a monolithic array of light-emitting elements in a manner that preserves the relative spatial position of the selectively removed light-emitting elements, wherein the plurality of light-emitting elements that are selectively removed from the monolithic array are selected such that, in at least one direction, for at least one pair of the selectively removed light-emitting elements in the at least one direction, for each respective pair there is at least one respective light-emitting elements that is not selected that was positioned in the monolithic array between the pair of selectively removed light-emitting elements in the at least one direction; and

forming the array of light-emitting elements with the selectively removed light-emitting elements in a manner that preserves the relative spatial position of the selectively removed light-emitting elements.

18. An illumination apparatus, comprising:

an array of light-emitting elements; and

a non-monolithic array of passive optical nanostructures formed from a monolithic array of passive optical nanostructures, wherein:

each of the passive optical nanostructures is aligned with a respective light-emitting element of the array of light-emitting elements,

the passive optical nanostructures of the non-monolithic array of passive optical nanostructures are arranged with their original positions relative to each other in the monolithic array preserved, and

in at least one direction, for at least one pair of the passive optical nanostructures of the non-monolithic array in the at least one direction, for each respective pair there was at least one respective passive optical nanostructure in the monolithic array of passive optical nanostructures that was positioned in the monolithic array of passive optical nanostructures between the pair of passive optical nanostructures in the at least one direction and that is not positioned between them in the non-monolithic array of passive optical nanostructures, wherein the passive optical nanostructures are each configured to modify the polarization of light emitted by the respective light-emitting elements.

19. The illumination apparatus of claim 18 , wherein at least one of the passive optical nanostructures has a side length or diameter which is less than 250 micrometers.

20. A display apparatus comprising the illumination apparatus of claim 1 .

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 18, 2023
From: ROBINSON, MICHAEL G; HARROLD, JONATHAN; WOODGATE, GRAHAM J
To: REALD SPARK, LLC
Reel/Frame 063682/0253 →
Continuity (4)
Continuation 17060995 · Oct 1, 2020
Provisional Application 62979029 · Feb 20, 2020
Provisional Application 62910204 · Oct 3, 2019
Related Publication 20230299246A1 · Sep 21, 2023
References Cited (310)
US 5091288A · Zappella et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5184114A · Brown · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5812105A · Ven · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 6547423B2 · Marshall et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6570324B1 · Tutt et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 7014964B1 · Hsu et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7084435B2 · Sugimoto et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7171874B1 · Huang · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7466486B2 · Mitsuya · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7863614B2 · Toyama et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7994531B2 · Lin et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8721115B2 · Ing et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8794792B1 · Moghal et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8985810B2 · Woodgate et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9519153B2 · Robinson et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9773457B2 · Peterson et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 10121772B1 · Wu et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10126575B1 · Robinson et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10303030B2 · Robinson et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10533730B2 · Harrold et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10976578B2 · Robinson et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11063193B2 · Woodgate et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11573437B2 · Woodgate et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11652195B2 · Harrold · 2023 [cited by examiner]
US 20040080938A1 · Holman et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040089935A1 · Lehner · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040126911A1 · Kimura · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040161871A1 · Omori · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040192082A1 · Wagner et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040218390A1 · Holman et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040239243A1 · Roberts et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040263061A1 · Ishikawa et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050111100A1 · Mather et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050219693A1 · Hartkop et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060141761A1 · Brody et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060152931A1 · Holman · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060154393A1 · Doan et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060221611A1 · Noh et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060252163A1 · Yaniv et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060256255A1 · Minami · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060258028A1 · Paolini et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060290276A1 · Cok et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070007237A1 · Wu et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070019131A1 · Choi et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070047254A1 · Schardt et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070116424A1 · Ting et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070165394A1 · Chang · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070176195A1 · Kuiseko et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070236628A1 · Epstein · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070242477A1 · Yoo et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070256453A1 · Barnes et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080043466A1 · Chakmakjian et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080089093A1 · Miller et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080123350A1 · Choe et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080176398A1 · Jain et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080225523A1 · Samber et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080237612A1 · Cok · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080258162A1 · Koung et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080285310A1 · Aylward et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080315755A1 · Han · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090001869A1 · Tanimoto et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090073350A1 · Toyama et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090086508A1 · Bierhuizen · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090109656A1 · Chang · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090128735A1 · Larson et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090148972A1 · Fang et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090180273A1 · Kim et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090242929A1 · Lin · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090268428A1 · Tsukada · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090296389A1 · Hsu · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100061096A1 · Sato · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100097809A1 · Munro et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100165635A1 · Chen et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100171215A1 · Fischer et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100172152A1 · Boonekamp · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100195330A1 · Schaefer et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100207852A1 · Cok · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100258543A1 · Mizuno et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100295762A1 · Yeom et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100309204A1 · Smith et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100317132A1 · Rogers et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110003410A1 · Tsay et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110018860A1 · Parry-Jones et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110038150A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110090672A1 · Zhu et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110151602A1 · Speier · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110193114A1 · Lerman et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110194034A1 · Shimizu · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110255303A1 · Nichol et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120020055A1 · Ligas et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120038266A1 · Moriyama et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120082332A1 · Park · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120086875A1 · Yokota · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120119237A1 · Leatherdale et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120140462A1 · Pickard · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120147296A1 · Montgomery et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120193799A1 · Sakuma et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120258963A1 · Berger et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120268963A1 · Gourlay · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120299883A1 · Sumida et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120320627A1 · Araki et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130021799A1 · Veerasamy et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130033849A1 · Roberts et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130039062A1 · Vinther et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130094126A1 · Rappoport et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130107525A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130121000A1 · Lee et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130194812A1 · Tseng · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130235580A1 · Smith · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130258663A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130293793A1 · Lu · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130301240A1 · Liu et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140016314A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140022619A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140098418A1 · Lin · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140140654A1 · Brown et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140186979A1 · Tu et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140211462A1 · Keller et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140211503A1 · Tarsa · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140239326A1 · Perng · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140240828A1 · Robinson et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140240839A1 · Yang et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140268641A1 · Tordini · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140299897A1 · Zhang et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140306612A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140316742A1 · Sun et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150023051A1 · Jepsen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150054011A1 · Koizumi et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150062490A1 · Kwon · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150160396A1 · Wilcox et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150268479A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150268513A1 · Chang et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150295154A1 · Tu et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150308635A1 · Li et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150325816A1 · Haag et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160018077A1 · Mallory et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160203742A1 · Peterson et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160211413A1 · Park et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160299281A1 · Robinson et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160349437A1 · Peterson et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170031085A1 · Lim et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170045666A1 · Vasylyev · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170059127A1 · Jansma et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170102127A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170139114A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170154919A1 · Chen et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170161179A1 · Maple et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170205959A1 · Seong · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170219883A1 · Yin · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170248289A1 · Vasylyev · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170254518A1 · Vasylyev et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170261179A1 · Wu et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180014007A1 · Brown · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180022881A1 · Seki et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180052524A1 · Peterson et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180135831A1 · Smith et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180190625A1 · Steckel et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180226384A1 · Park et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180245776A1 · Gladden et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180277523A1 · Ahmed et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180321553A1 · Robinson et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180328581A1 · Komanduri et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180329245A1 · Robinson et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190086706A1 · Robinson et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190113727A1 · Tamma et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190139243A1 · You et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190215509A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190220121A1 · Kim et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190250458A1 · Robinson et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190257497A1 · Harrold et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190265478A1 · Cok et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190278135A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190294004A1 · Hashimoto · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190324184A1 · Cai et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190377067A1 · Han et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190378744A1 · Liu et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200049876A1 · Watanabe et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200096171A1 · Han et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200124834A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200127169A1 · Ahmed · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200150408A1 · Fard et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200159055A1 · Robinson et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200166783A1 · Roy et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200249531A1 · Adeyshvili et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200259307A1 · Sharma et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200309341A1 · Fleszewski et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200321553A1 · Kwon et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200355896A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210018773A1 · Woodgate et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210302650A1 · Song et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220113552A1 · Schowengerdt · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220404540A1 · Robinson et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
CN 102859268A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 103109226A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 103117348A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
CN 105556374A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 105849595A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 107402475A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
CN 108287438A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN 112394449A · 2021 [cited by applicant]
CN 115826293A · 2023 [cited by applicant]
DE 102010031945A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
DE 102012109052A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
EP 1387412A1 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
EP 1835550A2 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
EP 1890343A1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
EP 1956423A1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
EP 1986023A1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
EP 2182783A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
EP 2595295A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
EP 2824387A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
EP 3762757A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
GB 2405542A · 2005 [cited by applicant]
GB 2464102A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
GB 2484711A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
GB 2496183A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
JP H11266035A · 1999 [cited by applicant]
JP 2000323755A · 2000 [cited by applicant]
JP 2007048489A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
JP 2007294411A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
JP 2009152161A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
JP 2009294282A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
JP 2009295309A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
JP 2010532089A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
JP 2010205698A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
JP 2010238846A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
JP 2010251359A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
JP 2011134485A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
JP 2013219397A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
JP 2015533713A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
JP 2016500161A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
JP 2016085797A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
JP 2018022683A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
JP 3220267U · 2019 [cited by applicant]
JP 2019527465A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
KR 1020090025795A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
KR 20090106062A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
KR 20100085732A · 2010 [cited by applicant]
KR 20120089950A · 2012 [cited by applicant]
KR 20150142753A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
KR 1020190009742A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
KR 20190053312A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2005071474A2 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO 2006115313A1 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO 2007069198A2 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO 2007074932A1 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO 2008080165A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2008109296A1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010038025A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010038025A3 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010113361A1 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011131200A1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012052722A2 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012052723A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013064801A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013112435A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014043384A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015089517A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016044284A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017007770A2 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017169123A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018040708A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018185475A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018185476A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018208618A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018231344A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019067846A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019107826A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019173816A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
CN201880036805.8 Notification of the First Office Action dated Jul. 23, 2021. [cited by applicant]
CN201880036842.9 Notification of the First Office Action dated Jul. 23, 2021. [cited by applicant]
CN201980016364.X Notification of the First Office Action dated Dec. 27, 2021. [cited by applicant]
CN201980030275.0 Notification of the First Office Action dated Mar. 4, 2022. [cited by applicant]
EP18200530.6—European Search Report of the European Patent Office dated May 23, 2019. [cited by applicant]
EP19804311.9—Extended European Search Report of the European Patent Office dated Dec. 15, 2021. [cited by applicant]
IN-202018039329 First Examination Report received from the Indian Intellectual Property Office mailed Feb. 17, 2022. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority for PCT application PCT/GB2018/050893 mailed Aug. 27, 2018. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority for PCT application PCT/GB2018/050894 mailed Aug. 27, 2018. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority for PCT application PCT/GB2019/050076 mailed May 9, 2019. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority for PCT application PCT/US2019/021570 mailed May 24, 2019. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority for PCT application PCT/US2019/031526 mailed Jul. 29, 2019. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority for PCT application PCT/US2020/040686 mailed Nov. 20, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority for PCT application PCT/US2020/047383 mailed Dec. 4, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority for PCT application PCT/US2020/050460 mailed Dec. 8, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority for PCT application PCT/US2020/050527 mailed Feb. 3, 2021. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority for PCT application PCT/US2020/053825 mailed Dec. 30, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority for PCT application PCT/US2020/053864 mailed Dec. 14, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International search report and written opinion of international searching authority in co-pending PCT/US2019/021570, dated May 24, 2019. [cited by applicant]
PCT/US2022/034145 International search report and written opinion of the international searching authority mailed Oct. 6, 2022. [cited by applicant]
EP18200530.6 Notification of the First Office Action dated Jun. 21, 2023. [cited by applicant]
EP20856156.3 Extended European Search Report of European Patent Office dated Aug. 11, 2023. [cited by applicant]
EP-20835231.0 Extended European Search Report of European Patent Office dated May 15, 2023. [cited by applicant]
JP2020-571342 Non-Final Notice of Reasons for Rejection dated Apr. 4, 2023. [cited by applicant]
CN202080059812.7 Notification of the First Office Action dated Oct. 19, 2023. [cited by applicant]
EP18715949.6 Notification of the First Office Action dated Sep. 21, 2023. [cited by applicant]
EP19763362.1 Notification of the First Office Action dated Oct. 12, 2023. [cited by applicant]
EP19804311.9 Notification of the First Office Action dated Sep. 11, 2023. [cited by applicant]
EP20863341.2 Extended European Search Report of European Patent Office dated Sep. 18, 2023. [cited by applicant]
EP20872979.8 Extended European Search Report of European Patent Office dated Oct. 19, 2023. [cited by applicant]
PCT/US2023/024329 International search report and written opinion of the international searching authority mailed Sep. 6, 2023. [cited by applicant]
EP20872718.0 Extended European Search Report of European Patent Office dated Jan. 2, 2024. [cited by applicant]
EP21758026.5 Extended European Search Report of European Patent Office dated Feb. 14, 2024. [cited by applicant]
EP23218625.4 Extended European Search Report of European Patent Office dated Feb. 23, 2024. [cited by applicant]
JP2022-519797 Non-Final Notice of Reasons for Rejection dated Apr. 23, 2024. [cited by applicant]
KR10-2020-7035806 Notice of Preliminary Rejection mailed Mar. 18, 2024. [cited by applicant]
JP2024-002448 Non-Final Notice of Reasons for Rejection dated Jan. 14, 2025. [cited by applicant]
KR10-2022-7002482 Notice of Preliminary Rejection mailed Jan. 2, 2025. [cited by applicant]
PCT/US2024/059840 International search report and written opinion of the international searching authority mailed Feb. 24, 2025. [cited by applicant]
EP20835231.0 Notification of the First Office Action dated Nov. 27, 2024. [cited by applicant]
JP2022-512316 Non-Final Notice of Reasons for Rejection dated Jul. 30, 2024. [cited by applicant]