Glass with nanoscale surface features from thermal poling and methods for forming the same
A glass substrate with modified surface regions is disclosed. The glass substrate includes a first side and an opposite second side, an alkali-containing bulk disposed between the first and second sides, and a first alkali-depleted region formed in the alkali-containing bulk on the first side. The first alkali-depleted region defines at least a portion of a first topographical feature. The first topographic feature includes a height that extends in a first direction from a base portion of the first topographical feature to an outermost portion of the first topographical feature. The first direction is oriented parallel to a thickness of the glass substrate between the first and second sides. The first topographic feature also includes a width that extends in a second direction between at least two, spaced apart wall portions of the first topographical feature. The second direction is oriented normal to the first direction.
1 . A glass substrate, comprising:
a first side and an opposite second side;
an alkali-containing bulk disposed between the first and second sides;
a first alkali-depleted region formed in the alkali-containing bulk on the first side, the first alkali-depleted region defining at least a portion of a first topographical feature,
wherein the first topographic feature includes:
a height extending in a first direction from a base portion of the first topographical feature to an outermost portion of the first topographical feature, the first direction oriented parallel to a thickness of the glass substrate between the first and second sides, and
a width extending in a second direction between at least two, spaced apart wall portions of the first topographical feature, the second direction oriented normal to the first direction,
wherein each of the height and the width of the first topographical feature corresponds to a microscale dimension in range from about 1 μm to about 1000 μm;
a first ion-exchanged region formed in the alkali-containing bulk on the first side;
a second alkali-depleted region formed in the alkali-containing bulk on the second side; and
a second ion-exchanged region formed in the alkali-containing bulk on the second side,
wherein:
the first alkali-depleted region comprises a first thickness t 1 ;
the second alkali-depleted region comprises a second thickness t 2 ;
the first ion-exchanged region comprise a third thickness t 3 substantially equal to t 1 ; and
the second ion-exchanged region comprises a fourth thickness t 4 .
2 . The glass substrate of claim 1 , wherein the first topographical feature is a negative feature recessed in a first surface of the glass substrate on the first side.
3 . The glass substrate of claim 2 , wherein an exposed surface of the first alkali-depleted region defines the base portion of the topographical feature.
4 . The glass substrate of claim 2 , wherein the alkali-containing bulk defines one of the at least two wall portions of the first topographical feature.
5 . The glass substrate of claim 2 , wherein the alkali-containing bulk defines the at least two wall portions of the first topographical feature.
6 . The glass substrate of claim 2 , wherein the alkali-containing bulk defines a first portion of the first surface of the glass substrate into which the first alkali-depleted region is recessed, the first portion corresponding to the outermost portion of the first topographical feature.
7 . The glass substrate of claim 1 , wherein the first ion-exchanged region abuts the first alkali-depleted region.
8 . The glass substrate of claim 1 , wherein the first ion-exchanged region defines a second portion of the first surface of the glass substrate into which the first alkali-depleted region is recessed, the second portion corresponding to the outermost portion of the first topographical feature.
9 . The glass substrate of claim 1 , wherein the first topographical feature is a positive feature that protrudes from the alkali-containing bulk.
10 . The glass substrate of claim 9 , wherein the first alkali-depleted region defines the at least two wall portions of the topographical feature.
11 . The glass substrate of claim 9 , wherein the first alkali-depleted region defines the base portion of the first topographical feature at an interface between the first alkali-depleted region and the alkali-containing bulk.
12 . The glass substrate of claim 9 , wherein the first alkali-depleted region defines the outermost portion of the first topographical feature.
13 . The glass substrate of claim 9 , the first ion-exchanged region defining at least a portion of a second topographical feature.
14 . The glass substrate of claim 13 , wherein the outermost portion of the first topographical feature protrudes further away from the glass substrate than an outermost portion of the second topographical feature.
15 . The glass substrate of claim 13 , wherein first topographical feature abuts the second topological feature.
16 . The glass substrate of claim 1 , wherein the first alkali-depleted region and the second alkali-depleted region are aligned when viewed in a thickness direction oriented perpendicular to the first and second surfaces.
17 . The glass substrate of claim 1 , herein the first ion-exchanged region and the second ion-exchanged region are aligned when viewed in a thickness direction oriented perpendicular to the first and second surfaces.