IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,638,446
Granted Patent B2
US 12,638,446 · App. 18/814,445 · Granted May 26, 2026

Multi-antigen diagnostic for detecting lyme disease

Inventors: Monica Embers (New Orleans, LA); Tammy Crawford (Paradise Valley, AZ); Holly Ahern (Charlton, NY)
Assignees: Focus on Lyme Foundation; The Administrators of The Tulane Educational Fund
G01N33/56911
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,638,446
App. No.
18/814,445
Granted
May 26, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

This application relates to methods of diagnosing Lyme disease. In some embodiments, the methods include detecting levels of at least one antigen in a sample. In some embodiments, the methods include a combination of detecting levels of at least one antigen in a sample and classifying samples using one or more decision trees.

Claims (24)

1 . A set of reagents to measure the levels of biomarkers in a specimen, wherein the biomarkers are a binding molecules each binding molecule bound to an imaging agent, each binding molecule capable of binding one antigen in a panel of antigens, the panel selected from the group consisting of the following panels and each panel consisting of the specified antigens or measurable fragments thereof:

(a) outer surface protein C2 (OspC2), and an 26-amino acid peptide within the VIsE protein (C6);

(b) C6, glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase protein (GlpQ), protein p35 (p35), porin protein p66 or the protein p66 (p66), outer surface protein C (OspC) decorin-binding protein A (DbpA), periplasmic oligopeptide binding protein (OppA2), protein exported repeated protein Q (ErpQ), outer surface protein E (OspE), OspC2;

(c) C6, p35, p66, OspC, DbpA, OppA2, ErpQ, OspE, OspC2;

(d) OspC2, OspC, C6, and p35;

(e) OspC2, OspC, C6, and p66;

(f) OspC2, OspC, C6, and DbpA;

(g) OspC2, OspC, C6, and OppA2;

(h) OspC2, OspC, Co, and ErpQ; and

(i) OspC2, OspC, C6, and OspE.

2 . The set of reagents of claim 1 , wherein the reagents are binding molecules.

3 . The set of reagents of claim 2 , wherein the binding molecules are antibodies.

4 . A test kit comprising the set of reagents of claim 1 .

5 . A multianalyte panel assay comprising the set of reagents of claim 1 .

6 . A set of antigens fixed to a plurality of beads to measure the levels of biomarkers in a specimen, wherein the biomarkers are antibodies each antibody bound to an imaging agent, each antibody capable of binding one antigen in a panel of antigens selected from the group consisting of the following panels and each panel consisting of the specified antigens or measurable fragments thereof:

(a) OspC2, and C6;

(b) C6, GlpQ, p35, p66, OspC, DbpA, OppA2, ErpQ, OspE, OspC2;

(c) C6, p35, p66, OspC, DbpA, OppA2, ErpQ, OspE, OspC2;

(d) OspC2, OspC, Co, and p35;

(e) OspC2, OspC, C6, and p66;

(f) OspC2, OspC, C6, and DbpA;

(g) OspC2, OspC, C6, and OppA2;

(h) OspC2, OspC, C6, and ErpQ; and

(i) OspC2, OspC, C6, and OspE.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jan 30, 2026
From: EMBERS, MONICA; AHERN, HOLLY; CRAWFORD, TAMMY
To: FOCUS ON LYME FOUNDATION; THE ADMINISTRATORS OF THE TULANE EDUCATIONAL FUND
Reel/Frame 073648/0668 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63534783 · Aug 25, 2023
Related Publication 20250067736A1 · Feb 27, 2025
References Cited (285)
US 4888276A · Shelburne · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 5155022A · Naqui et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5187065A · Schutzer · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5217872A · Dorward et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5246844A · Norris et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5264342A · Osther et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5308753A · Dorward et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5324630A · LeFebvre et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5403718A · Dorward et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5470712A · Simpson et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5478753A · Wong et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5523089A · Bergstrom et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5585102A · Barbour et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5618533A · Flavell et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5620862A · Padula · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5643733A · Robinson et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5643751A · Robinson et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5747294A · Flavell et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5807685A · Flavell et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5965702A · Robinson et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5977339A · LeFebvre et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5985595A · Krider · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6013460A · Levin · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6045804A · Persing · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6143872A · Barbour et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6165736A · Fawcett · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6183755B1 · Motz et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6197301B1 · Flavell et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6210676B1 · Callister et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6248538B1 · Motz et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6300101B1 · Sadziene et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6437116B1 · Norris et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6464985B1 · Callister et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6475492B1 · Philipp et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6509019B1 · Fuchs et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6610301B1 · Motz et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6610838B1 · Bergstrom · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6660274B2 · Philipp · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6665652B1 · Porwancher · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6716591B1 · Flavell et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6740744B2 · Norris et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6753183B2 · Fuchs et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6838247B2 · Whitaker et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7045134B2 · Qiu et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7083792B2 · Fuchs et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7105311B2 · Kovalenko · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7125517B2 · Kovalenko · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7135176B2 · Norris et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7390626B2 · Vojdani · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7582304B2 · Dattwyler et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7785597B2 · Norris et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7847084B2 · Norris · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7887815B2 · Dattwyler et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8005627B2 · Porwancher · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8071109B2 · Norris et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8076470B2 · Norris · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8129165B2 · Lundberg et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8163500B2 · Komorowski et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8247181B2 · Barbour et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8338566B2 · Pal et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8354240B2 · Norris et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8431135B2 · Komorowski et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8568989B2 · Mehra et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8694265B2 · Porwancher · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8758772B2 · Mehra et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8895257B2 · Levet et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8946393B2 · Wagner · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9115193B2 · Norris · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9182412B2 · Barbour et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9194870B2 · Mehra et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9201071B2 · Mehra et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9207233B2 · Schollhorn · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9212218B2 · Norris et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9310367B2 · Burbelo et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9316652B2 · Joosten et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9347943B2 · Levet et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9395365B2 · Levine et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9500648B1 · Tate, Jr. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9534021B2 · Earnhart et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9670254B2 · Norris · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9733246B2 · Deml et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9766238B2 · Mehra et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9816991B2 · Dattwyler et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9977020B2 · Levet et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10006912B2 · Dattwyler et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10073095B2 · Mehra et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10086057B2 · Marconi et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10100092B2 · Atkinson et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10287636B2 · Hillebrand et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10288608B2 · Kozlov et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10294531B2 · Jewett et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10323070B2 · Norris · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10336808B2 · Schøller et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10386373B2 · Daugherty et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10401358B1 · Bradshaw et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10457721B2 · Wang et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10466240B2 · Marconi et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10718767B2 · Shah et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10802022B1 · Bradshaw et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10921321B2 · Mehra et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 10928394B2 · Kage · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 10968269B1 · Schøller et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 10983121B2 · Callister et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11061028B2 · Lukinova et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11131670B2 · Reed et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11209431B2 · Delanoy et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11300519B2 · Tabb et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11320423B2 · Upmeier et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11353455B2 · Gilbert et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11353457B2 · Shah et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11360086B2 · Johnston et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11548938B2 · Sun et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11573227B2 · Mehra et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20010046499A1 · Kantor et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020106706A1 · Qiu et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030134345A1 · Brunner · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030138868A1 · Jungblut et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040067517A1 · Philipp · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050233394A1 · Raoult · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060034862A1 · Lahdenne et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060281139A1 · Kintrup et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20090196852A1 · Watkinson · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100159488A1 · Drancourt et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100278752A1 · Kotsyfakis et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100292096A1 · Luft et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110105355A1 · Luft et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120142023A1 · Ascoli et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120201746A1 · Liu et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120208176A1 · Bedouelle et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130085076A1 · Douglas et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140228455A1 · Nilsson et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140274925A1 · Jin et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140308677A1 · Ascoli et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150219646A1 · Branda et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150241426A1 · Kaldjian et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150285798A1 · Jin et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160097768A1 · Marconi et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160195527A1 · Barbour et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160237478A1 · Jewett · 2016 [cited by examiner]
US 20160266112A1 · Norris et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170212114A1 · Luft et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170218091A1 · Ambrosi · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180238874A1 · Levet et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180238902A1 · Bhatt et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180246095A1 · Zhang et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190276877A1 · Clokie et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200200745A1 · Mehra et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200255889A1 · Tokarz et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200347114A1 · Schøller et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210047383A1 · Schøller et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210068697A1 · Baig et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210072257A1 · Lee et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210079048A1 · Norris · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210156858A1 · Kage · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210188971A1 · Sun et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210215715A1 · Chang et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210325393A1 · Shah et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210364514A1 · Jutras et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210382052A1 · Joung et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210396752A1 · Reed et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220034880A1 · Weissman et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220057397A1 · Callister et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220064226A1 · Brix et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220137047A1 · Delanoy et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220160856A1 · Thomas · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220170066A1 · Belisle et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220220546A1 · Sabeti et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220229055A1 · Shah et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220244251A1 · Aucoin et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220268771A1 · Zhang · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220298572A1 · Wallace et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220325324A1 · Driebe et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20230063066A1 · Wang et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
WO 1997042221 · 1997 [cited by applicant]
WO 2000065064 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO 2001042790 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO 2002016422 · 2002 [cited by applicant]
WO 2006024466 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO 2006093651 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO 2007065098 · 2007 [cited by applicant]
WO 2008031082 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009004056 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009033163 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009131665 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009106073 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011023909 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011023914 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010132758 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011063003 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011112805 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011163258 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012039614 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011117844 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012047607 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2012054580 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013036187 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013067524 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013110026 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO 2013116668 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014122467 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2014185803 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015054319 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2015085323 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016057562 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016057793 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017031216 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017053167 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017062535 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018083491 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019053175 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019060885 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019173569 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020127222 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020163568 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020186223 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO 2020243159 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO 2021127547 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO 2021142294 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO 2021211637 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO 2022155279 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO 2022169876 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO 2022197351 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO 2023069725 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
WO 2023086901 · 2023 [cited by applicant]
Embers et al., (ASM Journals. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. vol. 23, No. 4). (Year: 2016). [cited by examiner]
Wagner et al., (Clin Vaccine Immunol. Apr. 2012; 19(4):527-35.). (Year: 2012). [cited by examiner]
Nouri et al (Infection, Genetics & Evolution. vol. 91, Jul. 2021:104793). Availble online Feb. 27, 2021. (Year: 2021). [cited by examiner]
Nouri et al., (Infection, Genetics and Evolution, vol. 91, Jul. 2021, 104793). (Year: 2021). [cited by examiner]
Wormser et al., (Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. Oct. 11, 2012;75(1):9-15). (Year: 2012). [cited by examiner]
Adams, W., et al. “Lyme with a side- or two- of Babesia: The most common co-infection that is frequently missed” Bay Area Lyme Foundation, pp. 1-7 (2021). [cited by applicant]
Adkison, H., et al. “Lyme disease and the pursuit of a clinical cure” Frontiers in Medicine, pp. 1-14 (2023). [cited by applicant]
Advances in Lyme Disease (2016). [cited by applicant]
Alruwaili, Y., et al. “Superior efficacy of combination antibiotic therapy versus monotherapy on a mouse model of Lyme disease” Frontiers in Microbiology, pp. 1-13 (2023). [cited by applicant]
Arumugam, S., et al. “A Multiplexed Serologic Test for Diagnosis of Lyme Disease for Point-of-Care Use” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 57(12) pp. 1-12 (2019). [cited by applicant]
Blum et al. “Robust B Cell Responses Predict Rapid Resolution of Lyme Disease” Frontiers in Microbiology, 9 (1634) pp. 1-13 (2018). [cited by applicant]
Bobe, J., et al. “:Recent Progress in Lyme Disease and Remaining Challenges” Frontiers in Medicine, 8 (666554) pp. 1-25 (2021). [cited by applicant]
Brandt, K. S., et al. “Evaluation of Patient IgM and IgG Reactivity Against Multiple Antigens for Improvement of Serodiagnostic Testing for Early Lyme Disease” Frontiers in Public Health, 7(370) pp. 1-7 (2019). [cited by applicant]
Brandt, K. S., et al. “Evaluation of in vivo expressed Borrelia burgdorferi antigens for improved IgM serodiagnosis of early Lyme disease” Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 93, pp. 196-202 (2019). [cited by applicant]
Bransfield, R., et al. “Late-stage borreliosis and substance abuse” Heliyon, 10, pp. 1-12 (2024). [cited by applicant]
Cabello, F., et al. “Reply to Luger, Why Is It So Hard to Find Persistent Borreliella burgdorferi?” American Society for Microbiology, 13 (5), pp. 1-2 (2022). [cited by applicant]
Cabello, F., et al. “Borreliella burgdorferi Antimicrobial-Tolerant Persistence in Lyme Disease and Posttreatment Lyme Disease Syndromes” American Society of Microbiology, 13 (3), pp. 1-19 (2022). [cited by applicant]
Carlson, D., et al. “Targeting Borrelia burgorferi HtpG with a berserker molecule, a strategy for anti-microbial development” Cell Chemical Biology, 31 pp. 465-476.31-e12 (2024). [cited by applicant]
Caskey, J., et al. “Persister Development by Borrelia burgdorferi Populations In Vitro” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 59 (10) pp. 6288-6295 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Caskey, J., et al. “The Functional and Molecular Effects of Doxycycline Treatment on Borrelia burgdorferi Phenotype” Frontiers in Microbiology, 10 (690) pp. 1-11 (2019). [cited by applicant]
Crossland, N., et al. “Late Disseminated Lyme Disease Associated Pathology and Spirochete Persistence Posttreatment in Rhesus Macaques” The American Journal of Pathology, 188 (3) pp. 672-682 (2018). [cited by applicant]
Curtis, M., et al. “Characterization of Immunological Responses to Borrelia Immunogenic Protein A (BipA), a Species-Specific Antigen for North American Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever,” American Society of Microbiology, Micr… [cited by applicant]
Donta, S., et al. “Report of the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Lyme Disease Subcommittee of the HHS Tick Borne Disease Working Group” Frontiers in Medicine, 8 (643235) pp. 1-8 (2021). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Survival strategies of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease” Microbes and Infection, 6, pp. 1, 313-318 (2004). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M. E., et al. “Borrelia burgdorferi Spirochetes That Harbor Only a Portion of the 1p28-1 Plasmid Elicit Antibody Responses Detectable with the C6 Test for Lyme Disease” Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 14 (1) pp… [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Dominant Epitopes of the C6 Diagnostic Peptide of Borrelia burgdorferi Are Largely Inaccessible to Antibody on the Parent VIsE Molecule” Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 14 (8) pp. 931-936 (2007). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Antigenicity and recombination of VIsE, the antigenic variation protein of Borrelia burgdorferi, in rabbits, a host putatively resistant to long-term infection with this spirochete” Federation of E… [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “The Failure of Immune Response Evasion by Linear Plasmid 28-1-Deficient Borrelia burgdorferi Is Attributable to Persistent Expression of an Outer Surface Protein” Infection and Immunity, 76 (9) pp.… [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Dynamic Longitudinal Antibody Responses during Borrelia burgdorferi Infection and Antibiotic Treatment of Rhesus Macaques” Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 19 (8) pp. 1218-1226 (2012). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Borrelia burgdorferi Persistence Post-antibiotic Treatment” The Pathogenic Spirochetes: strategies for evasion of host immunity and persistence (2012). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in Rhesus Macaques following Antibiotic Treatment of Disseminated Infection” PLoS ONE, 7 (1), pp. 1-12 (2012). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Correction: Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in Rhesus Macaques following Antibiotic Treatment of Disseminated Infection” PLoS ONE (2013). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research” Journal of Visualized Experiments, (78) pp. 1-8 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Vaccination against Lyme disease: past, present, and future” Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 3 (6) pp. 1-15 (2013). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M. E., et al. “Five-Antigen Fluorescent Bead-Based Assay for Diagnosis of Lyme Disease” American Society For Microbiology, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 23(4) pp. 294-303 (2016). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Variable manifestations, diverse seroreactivity and post-treatment persistence in non-human primates exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi by tick feeding” Plos One, pp. 1-22 (2017). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Immunological Responses to the Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia turicatae in Infected Rhesus Macaques: Implications for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis” American Society for Microbiology, Infection a… [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Diagnostic challenges in Lyme disease” (2024). [cited by applicant]
Embers, M.E., et al. “Combination Antibiotic Therapy for Treatment of Lyme Disease” (2024). [cited by applicant]
Feng, J. “Stationary Phase Persister/Biofilm Microcolony of Borrelia burgdorferi Causes More Severe Disease in a Mouse Model of Lyme Arthritis: Implications for Understanding Persistence, Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syn… [cited by applicant]
Gadila, S., et al. “Detecting Borrelia Spirochetes: A Case Study With Validation Among Autopsy Specimens” Frontiers in Neurology, 12 (628045) pp. 1-14 (2021). [cited by applicant]
Gadila, S., et al. “Direct Detection of Borrelia Species in Tissues” Methods Mol Biol. (2024). [cited by applicant]
Gautam, A., et al. “Differential expression and regulation of inflammatory mediators in macrophages from Lyme disease-resistant C57BL/6J and disease-susceptible C3H/HeN mice (37.6)” J Immunol (2010). [cited by applicant]
Goddard, J., et al. “Comparison of Tick Feeding Success and Vector Competence for Borrelia burgdorferi Among Immature Ixodes scapularis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) of Both Southern and Northern Clades” Population Biology/Geneti… [cited by applicant]
Izac, J., et al. “Analysis of the antigenic determinants of the OspC protein of the Lyme disease spirochetes: Evidence that the C10 motif is not immunodominant or required to elicit bactericidal antibody responses” Vacc… [cited by applicant]
Jacobs, M., et al. “Borrelia burgdorferi Migration Assays for Evaluation of Chemoattractants in Tick Saliva” Pathogens, 11 (530) pp. 1-13 (2022). [cited by applicant]
Kight, E., et al. “Direct Capture and Early Detection of Lyme Disease Spirochete in Skin with a Microneedle Patch” Biosensors, 12 (819) pp. 1-18 (2022). [cited by applicant]
Koetsveld, J., et al. “Borrelia miyamotoi infection leads to cross-reactive antibodies to the C6 peptide in mice and men” Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26, pp. 513.e1-513.e6 (2020). [cited by applicant]
Kumar, D., et al. “Is selenoprotein K required for Borrelia burgdorferi infection within the tick vector Ixodes scapularis?” Parasites & Vectors, 12 (289) pp. 1-8 (2019). [cited by applicant]
Kumar, D., et al. “Identification of microRNAs in the Lyme Disease Vector Ixodes scapularis” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (5565) pp. 1-16 (2022). [cited by applicant]
Lahey, L. J. “Development of a Multiantigen Panel for Improved Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi Infection in Early Lyme Disease” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 53:12 pp. 3834-3841 (2015). [cited by applicant]
Lopez, J., et al. “Real-Time Monitoring of Disease Progression in Rhesus Macaques Infected With Borrelia turicatae by Tick Bite” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 210, pp. 1639-1648 (2014). [cited by applicant]
Narasimhan, S., et al. “Repeated Tick Infestations Impair Borrelia burgdorferi Transmission in a Non-Human Primate Model of Tick Feeding” Pathogens, 12 (132) pp. 1-12 (2023). [cited by applicant]
Pflughoeft, K., et al. “Multi-platform Approach for Microbial Biomarker Identification Using Borrelia burgdorferi as a Model” Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 9 (179) pp. 1-10 (2019). [cited by applicant]
Phillips, S., et al. “Author's response to comments by Sigal and Hassett, Phillips et al., and Shapiro et al. From Victoria Cairns” International Journal of Epidemiology, pp. 1440-1443 (2005). [cited by applicant]
Romer, T., et al. “The DEXA-PSYCH Study: Repurposing Dexamethasone for Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Depression—A Study Protocol” Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 12, pp. 100517 (2023). [cited by applicant]
Schiller, Z., et al. “Blocking Borrelia burgdorferi transmission from infected ticks to nonhuman primates with a human monoclonal antibody” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 131 (11) pp. 1-12 (2021). [cited by applicant]
Scholl, D., et al. “Immunomodulatory effects of tick saliva on dermal cells exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease” Parasites & Vectors, pp. 1-17 (2016). [cited by applicant]
Sell, M., et al. “Visualizing Borrelia burgdorferi Infection Using a Small-Molecule Imaging Probe” American Society for Microbiology, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 59 (7) pp. 1-11 (2021). [cited by applicant]
WO: International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Feb. 6, 2025 in PCT Application No. PCT/US2024/43773. [cited by applicant]
Wormser, G., et al. “Effect of Borrelia burgdorferi Genotype on the Sensitivity of C6 and 2-Tier Testing in North American Patients with Culture-Confirmed Lyme Disease” Clinical Infectious Diseases, 47, pp. 910-914 (200… [cited by applicant]