Gonioscopes
Gonioscope devices are disclosed herein that are configured to enable a medical professional to view structure inside the eye that is ordinarily hidden from normal view. The gonioscope can be an integrally molded single piece that includes both a handle and a gonioscopic optical element. The proximal surface can have a viewing area and a light diffusing area. A recess can provide access to a wound site on the eye while the gonioscope is used for viewing. The handle can be configured to encourage proper alignment of the gonioscope with the eye. The gonioscope can provide an optical fixation point for the subject to focus on to facilitate proper alignment of the eye. The gonioscope can have one or more retention elements configured to engage the tissue of the eye around the contact surface to stabilize the gonioscope. The gonioscope can couple to a lid speculum.
1 . A gonioscope comprising:
a gonioscopic optical element comprising:
a bottom side having a contact surface that is concave and configured to contact a surface of an eye of a subject;
a front side wherein the gonioscopic optical element is configured to receive light from structure inside the eye through the bottom side contact surface and to output the light through the front side to form an image of the structure inside the eye; and
a back side, wherein the front side and the back side converge towards a junction; and
a handle extending upward from the junction.
2 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the handle is ambidextrous and extends upward along a center plane that divides the gonioscopic optical element into a right side and a left side.
3 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the handle and the gonioscopic optical element are integrally formed of the same material.
4 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the front side has a biconic shape.
5 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the gonioscopic optical element provides magnification between about 1.1× and 1.5×.
6 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the gonioscopic optical element provides magnification between about 1.2× and 1.3×.
7 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the front side comprises:
a viewing portion that is configured to receive light from structure inside the eye through the bottom side contact surface and to output the light through the viewing portion to form the image of the structure inside the eye; and
a light diffusing portion configured to diffuse light that passes through the light diffusing portion so that at least a portion of the diffused light illuminates the structure inside the eye.
8 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the handle has a substantially elliptical cross-sectional shape with a major axis that is longer than a minor axis.
9 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the handle comprises:
a first part that narrows in an upward direction from a relatively wide lower portion to a relatively narrow upper portion;
a second part above the first part, wherein the second part widens in an upward direction from a relatively narrow lower portion to a relatively wide upper portion; and
a third part above the second part, wherein the third part narrows in an upward direction from a relatively wide lower portion to a relatively narrow upper portion.
10 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , comprising one or more retention elements configured to engage tissue of the eye to retain the gonioscope in position on the eye.
11 . The gonioscope of claim 10 , wherein the one or more retention elements are positioned on one or more arms that extend from the gonioscopic optical element.
12 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , comprising a recess on the back side of the gonioscope, wherein the recess includes a surface configured to reflect light that entered the gonioscopic optical element through the front side, so that the reflected light is directed through the bottom side of the gonioscopic element to provide an optical fixation point.
13 . The gonioscope of claim 12 , wherein the surface of the recess is configured to reflect the light by total internal reflection.
14 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , comprising one or more guide markings that are visible in the image of the structure inside the eye.
15 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the handle extends upward from an uppermost portion of the gonioscopic optical element.
16 . The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the handle is positioned outside a viewing surface of the front side of the gonioscopic optical element.
17 . A gonioscope comprising:
a gonioscopic optical element made of transparent material and comprising:
a distal contact surface that is concave and configured to contact a surface of an eye of a subject; and
a proximal surface, wherein the gonioscopic optical element is configured to receive light from structure inside the eye through the distal contact surface and to output the light through the proximal surface to form an image of the structure inside the eye; and
a handle coupled to the gonioscopic optical element, wherein the handle and the gonioscopic optical element are integrally formed as one piece of the same material.
18 . The gonioscope of claim 17 , wherein the handle is ambidextrous and extends upward along a center plane that divides the gonioscopic optical element into a right side and a left side.
19 . The gonioscope of claim 17 , wherein the proximal surface has a biconic shape.
20 . The gonioscope of claim 17 , wherein the gonioscopic optical element provides magnification between about 1.1× and 1.5×.
21 . The gonioscope of claim 17 , wherein the gonioscopic optical element provides magnification between about 1.2× and 1.3×.
22 . The gonioscope of claim 17 , wherein the proximal surface comprises:
a viewing portion that is configured to receive light from structure inside the eye through the distal contact surface and to output the light through the viewing portion to form the image of the structure inside the eye; and
a light diffusing portion to diffuse light that passes through the light diffusing portion so that at least a portion of the diffused light illuminates the structure inside the eye.
23 . The gonioscope of claim 17 , wherein the handle has a substantially elliptical cross-sectional shape with a major axis that is longer than a minor axis.
24 . The gonioscope of claim 17 , wherein the handle comprises:
a first part that narrows in an upward direction from a relatively wide lower portion to a relatively narrow upper portion;
a second part above the first part, wherein the second part widens in an upward direction from a relatively narrow lower portion to a relatively wide upper portion; and
a third part above the second part, wherein the third part narrows in an upward direction from a relatively wide lower portion to a relatively narrow upper portion.
25 . The gonioscope of claim 17 , comprising one or more retention elements configured to engage tissue of the eye to retain the gonioscope in position on the eye.
26 . The gonioscope of claim 25 , wherein the one or more retention elements are positioned on one or more arms that extend from the gonioscopic optical element.
27 . The gonioscope of claim 17 , comprising a recess on a back side of the gonioscope, wherein the recess includes a surface configured to reflect light that entered the gonioscopic optical element through the proximal surface, so that the reflected light is directed through the distal surface of the gonioscopic element to provide an optical fixation point.
28 . The gonioscope of claim 27 , wherein the surface of the recess is configured to reflect the light by total internal reflection.
29 . The gonioscope of claim 17 , comprising one or more guide markings that are visible in the image of the structure inside the eye.
30 . The gonioscope of claim 17 , wherein the gonioscopic optical element and the handle are made from a material that is less flexible than silicone.
31 . A gonioscope comprising:
a gonioscopic optical element made of transparent material and comprising:
a distal contact surface that is concave and configured to contact a surface of an eye of a subject; and
a proximal surface, wherein the gonioscopic optical element is configured to receive light from structure inside the eye through the distal contact surface and to output the light through the proximal surface to form an image of the structure inside the eye; and
a handle coupled to the gonioscopic optical element, wherein the handle comprises:
a first part that narrows in an upward direction from a relatively wide lower portion to a relatively narrow upper portion;
a second part above the first part, wherein the second part widens in an upward direction from a relatively narrow lower portion to a relatively wide upper portion; and
a third part above the second part, wherein the third part narrows in an upward direction from a relatively wide lower portion to a relatively narrow upper portion.
32 . A gonioscope comprising:
a gonioscopic optical element made of transparent material and comprising:
a distal contact surface that is concave and configured to contact a surface of an eye of a subject; and
a proximal surface, wherein the proximal surface comprises:
a viewing portion that is configured to receive light from structure inside the eye through the distal contact surface and to output the light through the viewing portion of the proximal surface to form an image of the structure inside the eye; and
a light diffusing portion configured to diffuse light that passes through the light diffusing portion so that at least a portion of the diffused light illuminates the structure inside the eye; and
a handle coupled to the gonioscopic optical element.
33 . The gonioscope of claim 32 , wherein the light diffusing portion is positioned above the viewing portion.