Gonioscopes
Gonioscope devices are disclosed herein that are configured to enable a medical professional to view structure inside the eye that is ordinarily hidden from normal view. The gonioscope can be an integrally molded single piece that includes both a handle and a gonioscopic optical element. The proximal surface can have a viewing area and a light diffusing area. A recess can provide access to a wound site on the eye while the gonioscope is used for viewing. The handle can be configured to encourage proper alignment of the gonioscope with the eye. The gonioscope can provide an optical fixation point for the subject to focus on to facilitate proper alignment of the eye. The gonioscope can have one or more retention elements configured to engage the tissue of the eye around the contact surface to stabilize the gonioscope. The gonioscope can couple to a lid speculum.
1. A gonioscope comprising:
a gonioscopic optical element made of transparent material and comprising:
a curved distal contact surface that is concave and configured to contact a surface of an eye of a subject;
a curved proximal surface comprising:
a viewing portion that is configured to receive light from structure inside the eye through the distal contact surface and to output the light through the viewing portion of the proximal surface to form an image of the structure inside the eye; and
a light diffusing portion positioned above the viewing portion, the light diffusing portion configured to diffuse light that passes through the light diffusing portion so that at least a portion of the diffused light illuminates the structure inside the eye;
wherein the proximal surface is convex along a first direction to provide magnification along a first direction of the image, and wherein the proximal surface is concave along a second direction to provide demagnification along a second direction of the image; and
a recess at a front side of the gonioscope, the recess formed by an intersection of the curved distal surface and the curved proximal surface; and
a handle coupled to the gonioscopic optical element.
2. The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the recess has a width of at least about 7 mm.
3. The gonioscope of claim 2 , wherein the recess has a width of less than or equal to about 15 mm.
4. The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the recess has a width between about 10 mm and 15 mm.
5. The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the light diffusing portion comprises surface diffusing features.
6. The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the light diffusing portion comprises embedded diffusing features.
7. The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction.
8. The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the handle has an elliptical cross-sectional shape with a major axis that is longer than a minor axis.
9. The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the handle is ambidextrous and extends upward along a center plane that divides the gonioscopic optical element into a right side and a left side.
10. The gonioscope of claim 1 , wherein the handle and the gonioscopic optical element are integrally formed of the same material.
11. A gonioscope comprising:
a gonioscopic optical element made of transparent material and comprising:
a distal contact surface that is concave and configured to contact a surface of an eye of a subject; and
a proximal surface, wherein the gonioscopic optical element is configured to receive light from structure inside the eye through the distal contact surface and to output the light through the proximal surface to form an image of the structure inside the eye, wherein the proximal surface is convex along a first direction to provide magnification along a first direction of the image, and wherein the proximal surface is concave along a second direction to provide demagnification along a second direction of the image, wherein the magnification is between about 1.1× and about 1.5× and wherein the demagnification is between about 0.95× and about 0.75×; and
a handle coupled to the gonioscopic optical element.
12. The gonioscope of claim 11 , wherein the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction.
13. The gonioscope of claim 11 , wherein the magnification is between about 1.2× and about 1.4× and wherein the demagnification is between about 0.9× and about 0.8×.
14. The gonioscope of claim 11 , wherein the proximal surface comprises:
a viewing portion that is configured to form the image of the structure inside the eye; and
a light diffusing portion positioned above the viewing portion, the light diffusing portion configured to diffuse light that passes through the light diffusing portion.
15. The gonioscope of claim 11 , wherein the handle is ambidextrous and extends upward along a center plane that divides the gonioscopic optical element into a right side and a left side.
16. The gonioscope of claim 11 , wherein the gonioscopic optical element comprises markings that are visible in the image.
17. The gonioscope of claim 11 , wherein the gonioscope comprises one or more retention elements configured to engage tissue of the eye to retain the gonioscope in position on the eye.
18. The gonioscope of claim 17 , wherein the one or more retention elements are positioned on one or more arms that extend from the gonioscopic optical element.
19. The gonioscope of claim 11 , further comprising a flexible eye engagement feature removably attachable to the gonioscopic optical element, the eye engagement feature configured to engage between the eye and an anatomical structure adjacent the eye to support the gonioscope.
20. A gonioscope comprising:
a gonioscopic optical element made of transparent material and comprising:
a distal contact surface that is concave and configured to contact a surface of an eye of a subject; and
a proximal surface, wherein the gonioscopic optical element is configured to receive light from structure inside the eye through the distal contact surface and to output the light through the proximal surface to form an image of the structure inside the eye, wherein the proximal surface is convex along a first direction to provide magnification along a first direction of the image, wherein the proximal surface is concave along a second direction to provide demagnification along a second direction of the image, and wherein the proximal surface comprises:
a viewing portion that is configured to form the image of the structure inside the eye; and
a light diffusing portion positioned above the viewing portion, the light diffusing portion configured to diffuse light that passes through the light diffusing portion; and
a handle coupled to the gonioscopic optical element.
21. The gonioscope of claim 20 , wherein the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction.
22. A gonioscope comprising:
a gonioscopic optical element made of transparent material and comprising:
a distal contact surface that is concave and configured to contact a surface of an eye of a subject; and
a proximal surface, wherein the gonioscopic optical element is configured to receive light from structure inside the eye through the distal contact surface and to output the light through the proximal surface to form an image of the structure inside the eye, wherein the proximal surface is convex along a first direction to provide magnification along a first direction of the image, and wherein the proximal surface is concave along a second direction to provide demagnification along a second direction of the image; and
a handle coupled to the gonioscopic optical element, wherein the handle is ambidextrous and extends upward along a center plane that divides the gonioscopic optical element into a right side and a left side.
23. The gonioscope of claim 22 , wherein the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction.
24. A gonioscope comprising:
a gonioscopic optical element made of transparent material and comprising:
a distal contact surface that is concave and configured to contact a surface of an eye of a subject; and
a proximal surface, wherein the gonioscopic optical element is configured to receive light from structure inside the eye through the distal contact surface and to output the light through the proximal surface to form an image of the structure inside the eye, wherein the proximal surface is convex along a first direction to provide magnification along a first direction of the image, and wherein the proximal surface is concave along a second direction to provide demagnification along a second direction of the image;
a handle coupled to the gonioscopic optical element; and
a flexible eye engagement feature removably attachable to the gonioscopic optical element, the eye engagement feature configured to engage between the eye and an anatomical structure adjacent the eye to support the gonioscope.
25. The gonioscope of claim 24 , wherein the second direction is orthogonal to the first direction.