Integral plated resistor and method for the manufacture of printed circuit boards comprising the same
View Patent ↗An integral plated resistor having an improved range of resistance is produced by uniformly dispersing an effective amount of various particles in an electroless nickel phosphorus plating composition so that the particles are codeposited with the electroless nickel phosphorus plating composition. Preferred particles include, polytetrafluoroethylene, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, and other particles that fully sinter at a temperature of less than about 170° C. The improved nickel phosphorus plated resistors of the invention demonstrate increased stability during manufacturing press cycles and a greater range of resistance values than have previously been achieved.
1. A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board with integral plated resistors, comprising the steps of:
a) forming a circuit pattern on a surface of a metal clad laminate, which laminate comprises a polymer-based core, and leaving openings in said circuit pattern onto which a resistive material can be plated;
b) coating said circuit with a resist and exposing said circuit so that the openings in the desired pattern and a portion of the metal cladding are exposed;
c) conditioning and selectively activating the exposed areas of the laminate to accept plating thereon;
d) stripping the resist; and
e) plating the activated area with said resistive material to create an integral plated resistor,
wherein the resistive material comprises an electroless nickel-phosphorus plated composition and about 10 to about 20% by weight of particles, said particles being selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, particles that fully sinter below 170° C., and combinations of the foregoing uniformly dispersed therein, and wherein the electroless nickel-phosphorous plated composition comprises at least 9% by weight phosphorous.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the plated resistors have a resistance range between about 1–1000 ohms/sq.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein steps (a) through (e) are repeated to produce multiple integral plated resistors on the surface of the metal clad laminate.
4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising a step of coating said integral plated resistor with a permanent dielectric coating to protect the plated resistor from additional processing steps.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said step (c) is accomplished using a mask so as to activate only selected portions of the exposed areas of the metal clad laminate.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the resist comprises a negative or positive acting dry film or liquid photo-resist.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the resistive material is plated to a thickness from about 0.05 to about 0.5 microns.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the resistive material is plated to a thickness of about 0.2 microns.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the particles that fully sinter below 170° C. are selected from the group consisting of boron carbide, boron nitrate, iron oxide, and combinations of the foregoing.