Fine particle, external additive for toners, and toner
A fine particle of a silicon polymer, wherein the fine particle has pores; the total pore volume of the fine particle is 0.35 to 1.00 cm 3 /g; a number-average primary particle diameter of the fine particle is 0.05 to 0.30 μm; the silicon polymer has a siloxane bond and an Si—R 1 bond; R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and designating, with reference to a chart obtained by 29 Si-NMR measurement of the fine particle, A as a total peak area corresponding to the silicon polymer, and B as a peak area corresponding to Si—R 1 , A and B satisfy a following formula (1): 10.0≤ B/A ×100≤45.0 (1).
1 . A fine particle, comprising:
a silicon polymer having a siloxane bond and an Si—R 1 bond, where R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
the fine particle having pores;
a total pore volume of the fine particle being 0.35 to 1.00 cm 3 /g;
a volume-average diameter of the pores of the fine particle being 7 to 20 nm; and
a number-average primary particle diameter of the fine particle being 0.05 to 0.30 μm, where
10.0≤ B/A× 100≤45.0
and
when with reference to a chart obtained by 29 Si-NMR measurement of the fine particle, A is a total peak area corresponding to the silicon polymer, and B is a peak area corresponding to Si—R 1 .
2 . The fine particle according to claim 1 , where 3.0≤Y/X≤8.0
when X (m 2 /g) is a theoretical BET specific surface area of the fine particle and Y (m 2 /g) is a BET specific surface area measured for the fine particle using a multipoint BET method.
3 . The fine particle according to claim 1 , where 0.20≤S4/SA≤0.60
0≤ S 3/ SA≤ 0.50 and
0.20≤ S 2/ SA≤ 0.70
when, with reference to the chart obtained by 29 Si-NMR measurement of the fine particle, SA is a total peak area corresponding to a silicon polymer, S4 is a peak area corresponding to a Q unit structure, S3 is a peak area corresponding to a T unit structure, and S2 is a peak area corresponding to a D unit structure.
4 . The fine particle according to claim 1 , wherein the fine particle has a Young's modulus of 1,500 to 30,000 MPa.
5 . The fine particle according to claim 1 , where dC is 10.0 to 50.0 atomic %
when, in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurement of a surface of the fine particle, dSi is an element concentration of a silicon element, dO is an element concentration of an oxygen atom, dC is an element concentration of a carbon atom, and dSi+dO+dC is 100.0 atomic %.
6 . The fine particle according to claim 1 , wherein a surface of the fine particle has been treated with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkylsilazane compounds, alkylalkoxysilane compounds, chlorosilane compounds, fluoroalkylsilane compounds, and siloxane compounds.
7 . The fine particle according to claim 1 , wherein an average circularity of the fine particle is 0.85 to 0.95.
8 . The fine particle according to claim 1 , wherein the fine particle has a hydrophobicity as measured by a methanol titration method of 50 to 60 volume %.
9 . The fine particle according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon polymer is a condensation polymer of at least one silicon compound having a structure according to formula (A)
where R 12 , R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a reactive group wherein the reactive group is a halogen atom, hydroxy group, acetoxy group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and
at least one of R 12 , R 13 , R 14 and R 15 is the reactive group.
10 . An external additive for a toner, comprising the fine particle according to claim 1 .
11 . A toner comprising a toner particle and an external additive for a toner, wherein the toner particle comprises a binder resin, and
the external additive for toner according to claim 10 .
12 . The toner according to claim 11 , wherein a content in the toner of the external additive is 0.1 to 20.0 mass parts per 100 mass parts of the toner particle.