Reverse-flow magma-based geothermal generation
A geothermal system obtains heated heat transfer fluid via heat transfer with an underground reservoir of magma. The geothermal system includes a wellbore extending between a surface and into the underground reservoir of magma. A fluid pump provides a flow of heat transfer fluid toward the underground reservoir of magma. A fluid conduit extends from the surface toward a terminal end of the wellbore and allows flow of heated heat transfer fluid from a portion of the wellbore that extends into the underground reservoir of magma toward the surface.
1 . A geothermal system for obtaining heated heat transfer fluid via heat transfer with an underground reservoir of magma, the geothermal system comprising:
a wellbore extending between a surface and into the underground reservoir of magma;
a fluid pump configured to provide a flow of heat transfer fluid toward the underground reservoir of magma; and
a fluid conduit extending from the surface toward a terminal end of the wellbore, the fluid conduit configured to allow flow of heated heat transfer fluid from a portion of the wellbore that extends into the underground reservoir of magma toward the surface, wherein the wellbore includes:
a borehole with an opening at the surface and an end at a predetermined depth within the underground reservoir of magma,
a casing disposed within the borehole and extending from the surface and only partially into the underground reservoir of magma,
a surface of the borehole within the underground reservoir of magma comprises hardened magma.
2 . The geothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid pump is configured to provide the flow of the heat transfer fluid through an annulus formed between a wall of the wellbore and an outer wall of the fluid conduit.
3 . The geothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid conduit comprises a drill stem positioned within the wellbore.
4 . The geothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the casing extends into the underground reservoir of magma.
5 . The geothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the wellbore comprises:
a primary borehole with an opening at the surface and an end at a predetermined depth within the underground reservoir of magma; and
at least one secondary borehole extending from the primary borehole within the underground reservoir of magma.
6 . The geothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer fluid comprises one or more of: water, a brine solution, one or more refrigerants, and one or more thermal oils.
7 . The geothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer fluid comprises one or more of a molten salt, an ionic liquid, and a nanofluid.
8 . The geothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid conduit is further coupled to a heat-driven process apparatus, wherein the heat-driven process apparatus comprises one or more of turbines, reaction vessels, condensers, a water distillation system, a heat driven chilling apparatus, a residential heating system, an agriculture system, and an aquaculture system.
9 . The geothermal system of claim 8 , wherein at least a portion of the heat transfer fluid from heat-driven process apparatus is returned to the wellbore.
10 . The geothermal system of claim 1 , wherein the fluid conduit comprises an insulation layer.
11 . A method of operating a geothermal system, the method comprising:
providing a heat transfer fluid down a wellbore extending from a surface and into an underground reservoir of magma, wherein the wellbore includes:
a borehole with an opening at the surface and an end at a predetermined depth within the underground reservoir of magma,
a casing disposed within the borehole and extending from the surface and only partially into the underground reservoir of magma,
a surface of the borehole within the underground reservoir of magma comprises hardened magma;
receiving heated heat transfer fluid from the wellbore; and
providing the heated heat transfer fluid to a heat-driven process.
12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising returning at least a portion of the heat transfer fluid from the heat-driven process back down the wellbore.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the heat transfer fluid provided down the wellbore comprises liquid water and the heated heat transfer fluid received from the wellbore comprises steam; and
providing the heated heat transfer fluid to the heat-driven process comprises:
providing at least a portion of the steam to at least one turbine; and
operating the at least one turbine with the steam to generate electricity.
14 . A geothermal system, comprising:
a fluid pump configured to provide a flow of heat transfer fluid through a wellbore from a surface and toward an underground reservoir of magma, wherein the wellbore includes:
a borehole with an opening at the surface and an end at a predetermined depth within the underground reservoir of magma,
a casing disposed within the borehole and extending from the surface and only partially into the underground reservoir of magma,
a surface of the borehole within the underground reservoir of magma comprises hardened magma; and
a fluid conduit extending from the surface toward a terminal end of the wellbore located within a portion of the wellbore that extends into the underground reservoir of magma, the fluid conduit configured to allow flow of heated heat transfer fluid from the portion of the wellbore that extends into the underground reservoir of magma toward the surface.
15 . The geothermal system of claim 14 , wherein the fluid pump is configured to provide the flow of the heat transfer fluid through an annulus formed between a wall of the wellbore and an outer wall of the fluid conduit.
16 . The geothermal system of claim 14 , wherein the fluid conduit comprises a drill stem positioned within the wellbore.
17 . The geothermal system of claim 14 , wherein the heat transfer fluid comprises one or more of: water, a brine solution, one or more refrigerants, one or more thermal oils, a molten salt, an ionic liquid, and a nanofluid.
18 . The geothermal system of claim 14 , wherein the fluid conduit comprises an insulation layer.