IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,210,199
Granted Patent B2
US 12,210,199 · App. 18/508,884 · Granted Jan 28, 2025

Integration of power and optics through cold plates for delivery to electronic and photonic integrated circuits

Inventor: Joel Richard Goergen (Soulsbyville, CA)
Assignee: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.
G02B6/4268G02B6/4214H01L23/3675H01L23/49827
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,210,199
App. No.
18/508,884
Granted
Jan 28, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

In one embodiment, an apparatus includes an upper cold plate and a lower cold plate, at least one of the upper cold plate or the lower cold plate comprising an electrical or optical path extending therethrough, a substrate and die package interposed between the upper cold plate or the lower cold plate, and a connector coupled to one of the upper cold plate or the lower cold plate for transmitting power or an optical signal through the electrical or optical path to the substrate and die package.

Claims (37)

1. An apparatus comprising:

an upper cold plate and a lower cold plate, each of the upper cold plate and the lower cold plate comprising at least one of an electrical path or an optical path extending therethrough and each of the upper cold plate and the lower cold plate including at least two cooling tubes or reservoirs; and

a substrate and die package interposed between the upper cold plate and the lower cold plate,

wherein the optical path extending through one of the upper cold plate and the lower cold plate is configured to deliver an optical signal to or from the substrate and die package, and the electrical path extending through another of the upper cold plate and the lower cold plate is configured to deliver power to the substrate and die package.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the upper cold plate or the lower cold plate include at least one opening for insertion of one or more power blocks.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least two cooling tubes or reservoirs are positioned around the at least one opening.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the upper cold plate or the lower cold plate includes a plurality of internal temperature zones.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the upper cold plate or the lower cold plate is a multi-phase cold plate.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

a power block that is configured to be inserted into at least one of the upper cold plate or the lower cold plate, wherein the electrical path includes a power via formed in the power block.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate and die package includes an optical engine, and the optical path includes a waveguide configured to transmit light to or from the optical engine.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the upper cold plate and the lower cold plate includes the optical path and the electrical path.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the electrical path or the optical path includes at least one first path extending through the upper cold plate and at least one second path extending through the lower cold plate.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate and die package comprises at least one electronic integrated circuit and at least one photonic integrated circuit.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

a multi-zone point-of-load configured to provide power to the substrate and die package via one of the upper cold plate or the lower cold plate.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 , further comprising:

at least one additional point-of-load connected to the multi-zone point-of-load and attached to one of the upper cold plate or the lower cold plate.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the upper cold plate or the lower cold plate is configured to provide liquid based cooling.

14. An apparatus comprising:

a first cold plate comprising an optical path extending therethrough;

a second cold plate comprising an electrical path extending therethrough; and

a substrate and die package comprising at least one electronic integrated circuit and at least one photonic integrated circuit, the substrate and die package interposed between the first cold plate and the second cold plate,

wherein the optical path extending through the first cold plate is configured to deliver an optical signal to or from the substrate and die package, and the electrical path extending through the second cold plate is configured to deliver power to the substrate and die package, and

wherein each of the first cold plate and the second cold plate includes at least two cooling tubes or reservoirs.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein at least one of the first cold plate or the second cold plate includes at least one opening for insertion of one or more power blocks.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the at least two cooling tubes or reservoirs are positioned around the at least one opening.

17. The apparatus of claim 14 , further comprising:

a power block configured to be inserted into the first cold plate or the second cold plate, wherein the electrical path includes a power via formed in the power block.

18. A method comprising:

creating an electrical path or an optical path through at least one of a first cold plate or a second cold plate;

positioning the first cold plate and the second cold plate on opposite sides of a substrate and die package;

transmitting at least one of power through the electrical path to the substrate and die package or an optical signal through the optical path to and from the substrate and die package; and

positioning at least two cooling tubes or reservoirs in at least one of the first cold plate or the second cold plate for cooling the electrical path or the optical path.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein creating the electrical path or the optical path includes inserting one or more power blocks into an opening in one of the first cold plate and the second cold plate, and wherein the at least two cooling tubes or reservoirs are positioned around the opening.

20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:

forming a plurality of internal temperature zones in at least one of the first cold plate or the second cold plate.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Nov 15, 2023
From: GOERGEN, JOEL RICHARD
To: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.
Reel/Frame 065568/0718 →
Continuity (5)
Continuation 17688271 · Mar 7, 2022
Continuation 16983932 · Aug 3, 2020
Continuation In Part 16842393 · Apr 7, 2020
Provisional Application 63012822 · Apr 20, 2020
Related Publication 20240085646A1 · Mar 14, 2024
References Cited (293)
US 3335324A · Buckeridge · 1967 [cited by applicant]
US 3962529A · Kubo · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 4811187A · Nakajima et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4997388A · Dale et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5053920A · Staffiere et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5652893A · Ben-Meir et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5901040A · Cromwell et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6008631A · Johari · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6220955B1 · Posa · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6259745B1 · Chan · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6285550B1 · Belady · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6353264B1 · Coronel et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6636538B1 · Stephens · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6685364B1 · Brezina et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6690696B2 · Byren et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6784790B1 · Lester · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6826368B1 · Koren et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6855881B2 · Khoshnood · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6860004B2 · Hirano et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7266267B2 · Bakir et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7310430B1 · Mallya et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7325150B2 · Lehr et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7420355B2 · Liu et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7490996B2 · Sommer · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7492059B2 · Peker et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7509505B2 · Randall et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7583703B2 · Bowser et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7589435B2 · Metsker et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7593747B1 · Karam et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7603570B2 · Schindler et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7616465B1 · Vinciarelli · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7813646B2 · Furey · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7835389B2 · Yu et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7854634B2 · Filipon et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7881072B2 · DiBene, II et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7915761B1 · Jones et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7921307B2 · Karam et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7924579B2 · Arduini · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7940787B2 · Karam · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7973538B2 · Karam · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8020043B2 · Karam · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8037324B2 · Hussain · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8081589B1 · Gilbrech et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8184525B2 · Karam · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8276397B1 · Carlson et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8279883B2 · Diab et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8310089B2 · Schindler et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8319627B2 · Chan et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8345439B1 · Goergen et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8350538B2 · Cuk · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8358893B1 · Sanderson et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8386820B2 · Diab · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8700923B2 · Fung · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8712324B2 · Corbridge et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8750710B1 · Hirt et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8781637B2 · Eaves · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8787775B2 · Earnshaw · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8829917B1 · Lo et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8836228B2 · Xu et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8842430B2 · Hellriegel et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8849471B2 · Daniel et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8966747B2 · Vinciarelli et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9019895B2 · Li et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9024473B2 · Huff et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9184795B2 · Eaves · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9189036B2 · Ghoshal et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9189043B2 · Vorenkamp et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9273906B2 · Goth et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9319101B2 · Lontka · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9321362B2 · Woo et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9373963B2 · Kuznetsov · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9419436B2 · Eaves et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9484771B2 · Braylovskiy et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9510479B2 · Vos · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9531551B2 · Balasubramanian et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9590811B2 · Hunter, Jr. et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9618714B2 · Murray · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9640998B2 · Dawson · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9646916B1 · Emma · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9665148B2 · Hamdi et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9693244B2 · Maruhashi et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9734940B1 · McNutt et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9853689B2 · Eaves · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9874930B2 · Vavilala et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9882656B2 · Sipes, Jr. et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9893521B2 · Lowe et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9948198B2 · Imai · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9979370B2 · Xu · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9985600B2 · Xu et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10007628B2 · Pitigoi-Aron et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10028417B2 · Schmidtke et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10128764B1 · Vinciarelli · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10157817B1 · Zhou et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10211590B2 · Filgas et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10248178B2 · Brooks et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10281513B1 · Goergen et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10393959B1 · Razdan et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10407995B2 · Moeny · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10439432B2 · Eckhardt et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10541758B2 · Goergen et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10631443B2 · Byers et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10877219B1 · Traverso et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11906799B2 · Goergen · 2024 [cited by examiner]
US 20010024373A1 · Cuk · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020126967A1 · Panak et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030147225A1 · Kenny, Jr. et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040000816A1 · Khoshnood · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040033076A1 · Song et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040043651A1 · Bain et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040073703A1 · Boucher et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040264214A1 · Xu et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050197018A1 · Lord · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050268120A1 · Schindler et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060125092A1 · Marshall · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060202109A1 · Delcher et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060209875A1 · Lum et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070103168A1 · Batten et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070143508A1 · Linnman · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070228109A1 · Smith et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070236853A1 · Crawley · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070263675A1 · Lum et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070284946A1 · Robbins · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070288125A1 · Quaratiello · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080054720A1 · Lum et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080198635A1 · Hussain et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080229120A1 · Diab · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080310067A1 · Diab et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090027033A1 · Diab · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090294954A1 · Bakir et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100077239A1 · Diab et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100117808A1 · Karam · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100171602A1 · Kabbara et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100187683A1 · Bakir et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100190384A1 · Lanni · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100237846A1 · Vetteth · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100290190A1 · Chester et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110004773A1 · Hussain et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110007664A1 · Diab et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110057612A1 · Taguchi et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110083824A1 · Rogers · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110085304A1 · Bindrup et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110228578A1 · Serpa et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110266867A1 · Schindler et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110290497A1 · Stenevik · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120043935A1 · Dyer et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120064745A1 · Ottliczky · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120147559A1 · Barowski et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120170927A1 · Huang et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120201089A1 · Barth et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120231654A1 · Conrad · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120287984A1 · Lee · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120317426A1 · Hunter, Jr. et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120319468A1 · Schneider et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130077923A1 · Peeters Weem et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130079633A1 · Peeters Weem et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130103220A1 · Eaves · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130249292A1 · Blackwell, Jr. et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130272721A1 · Van Veen et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130329344A1 · Tucker et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140030900A1 · Leigh et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140064675A1 · Tanaka et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140111180A1 · Vladan et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140126151A1 · Campbell et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140129850A1 · Paul · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140258742A1 · Chien et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140258813A1 · Lusted et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140265550A1 · Milligan et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140293533A1 · Doering et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140348462A1 · Yabre · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140372773A1 · Heath et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150078740A1 · Sipes, Jr. et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150106539A1 · Leinonen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150115741A1 · Dawson · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150207317A1 · Radermacher et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150215001A1 · Eaves · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150215131A1 · Paul et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150309271A1 · Huegerich et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150333918A1 · White, III · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150340818A1 · Scherer et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160018252A1 · Hanson et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160020911A1 · Sipes, Jr. et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160064938A1 · Balasubramanian et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160111877A1 · Eaves et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160118784A1 · Saxena et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160133355A1 · Glew et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160134331A1 · Eaves · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160142217A1 · Gardner et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160188427A1 · Chandrashekar et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160197600A1 · Kuznetsov · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160241148A1 · Kizilyalli et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160259140A1 · Blomster · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160262288A1 · Chainer et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160273722A1 · Crenshaw · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160294500A1 · Chawgo et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160308683A1 · Pischl et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160352535A1 · Hiscock et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160365967A1 · Tu et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170041152A1 · Sheffield · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170041153A1 · Picard et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170047312A1 · Budd et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170054296A1 · Daniel et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170110871A1 · Foster · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170123466A1 · Carnevale · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170146260A1 · Ribbich et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170155517A1 · Cao · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170155518A1 · Yang · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170164525A1 · Chapel et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170214236A1 · Eaves · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170229886A1 · Eaves · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170234738A1 · Ross et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170244318A1 · Giuliano · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170248976A1 · Møller et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170294966A1 · Jia et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170325320A1 · Wendt et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180024964A1 · Mao et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180053313A1 · Smith · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180054083A1 · Hick · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180060269A1 · Kessler · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180088648A1 · Otani · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180098201A1 · Torello et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180102604A1 · Keith et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180123360A1 · Eaves · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180159430A1 · Albert · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180188712A1 · MacKay · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180191513A1 · Hess et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180254624A1 · Son · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180313886A1 · Mlyniec et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180340840A1 · Bullock et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190029102A1 · Chen et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190126764A1 · Fuhrer · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190267804A1 · Matan et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190272011A1 · Goergen et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190277899A1 · Goergen et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190277900A1 · Goergen et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190278347A1 · Goergen et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190280895A1 · Mather et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190304630A1 · Goergen et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190312751A1 · Goergen et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190342011A1 · Goergen et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190363493A1 · Sironi et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190391350A1 · Evans et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200029475A1 · Park et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200044751A1 · Goergen et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200057218A1 · Islam et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200350096A1 · Zanetti et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210055489A1 · Maker et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210219415A1 · Goergen et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
CN 1209880C · 2005 [cited by applicant]
CN 201689347U · 2010 [cited by applicant]
CN 204836199U · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 205544597U · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 104081237B · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 104412541B · 2019 [cited by applicant]
EP 1936861A1 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
EP 2120443A1 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
EP 2257009A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
EP 2432134A1 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
EP 2693688A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
JP 2007049822A · 2007 [cited by applicant]
JP 2009534822A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
JP 2013539220A · 2013 [cited by applicant]
JP 2018093702A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 9316407A1 · 1993 [cited by applicant]
WO 2006127916A2 · 2006 [cited by applicant]
WO 2010053542A2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017054030A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017167926A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018017544A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019023731A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019212759A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
Adapa, R., et al., “Dynamic Thermal Rating of Substation Terminal Equipment,” CIGRE, Jan. 2004, 8 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Chen, H., et al., “Real-Time Temperature Estimation for Power MOSEFETs Considering Thermal Aging Effects,” IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability, Mar. 2014, vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 220-228. [cited by applicant]
Chen, J., et al., “Buck-boost PWM Converters having Two Independently Controlled Switches,” 32nd Annual EEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Conference Proceedings, Vancouver, Canada, New York, NY: IEEE, US, 17… [cited by applicant]
Cheng, K.W.E., et al., “Constant Frequency, Two-Stage Quasiresonant Convertor,” Published in: IEE Proceedings B—Electric Power Applications, vol. 139, No. 3, 1271980 1, XP000292493, May 1992, pp. 227-237. [cited by applicant]
Eaves, S.S., et al., “Network Remote Power Using Packet Energy Transfer,” Sep. 2012, 5 Pages, URL: www.voltserver.com. [cited by applicant]
“E-Link Hybrid Connector—QPC Fiber Optic,” QPC Engineered Fiber Optic Solutions, Retrieved from URL: http://www.qpcfiber.com/product/connectors/e-link-hybrid-connector/, on Dec. 21, 2017, pp. 1-4. [cited by applicant]
English Translation and Original Office Action in counterpart Chinese Application No. 202180026193.6, mailed Oct. 28, 2023, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
Fisher Connectors: “FiberOptic Cable and Connector Solutions,” Retrieved from URL: https://www.fischerconnectors.com/US/en/products/fiberoptic, on Dec. 21, 2017, pp. 1-5. [cited by applicant]
Grabowski, B., “7 ASIC Integration Benefits,” Retrieved from URL: https://www.sigenics.com/blog/7-asic-integration-benefits, Feb. 4, 2019, pp. 1-5. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion in Counterpart International Application No. PCT/US2021/024235, dated Jul. 6, 2021, 11 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Juniper Networks: “Virtual Chassis Technology Best Practices,” Implementation Guide, 8010018-009-EN, URL: https://wwwjuniper.net/US/en/local/pdf/implementation-guides/8010018-en.pdf, Jan. 2016, 29 pages. [cited by applicant]
Lumentum: “Power Over Fiber,” Retrieved from URL: https://www.lumentum.com/sites/default/files/ technical-library-items/poweroverfiber-tn-pv-ae_0,pdf, accessed on Sep. 25, 2020, 8 Pages. [cited by applicant]
Pluribus Networks: “Pluribus VirtualWire Solution,” Product Overview, PN-PO-VWS-05818, URL: https://www.pluribusnetworks.com/assets/Pluribus-VirtualWire-PO-50918.pdf, May 2018, 5 pages. [cited by applicant]
Rabe, C., et al., “Data Center Power Equipment Thermal Guidelines and Best Practices,” ASHRAE Technical Committee (TC) 9.9 Mission Critical Facilities, Data Centers, Technology Spaces, and Electronic Equipment, 2016, pp… [cited by applicant]
Stran Technologies: “Tfoca GenX Hybrid 2x2 Fiber Optic—Copper Connector,” Contact Strantech, Retrieved From URL: https://www.strantech.com/products/tfoca-genx-hybrid-2x2-fiber-optic-copper-connector/, on Dec. 21, 2017, … [cited by applicant]
Yarnell, A., “Point-of-Load Module Considerations,” Digikey, Retrieved from URL: https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/point-of-load-module-considerations, Aug. 17, 2016, pp. 1-7. [cited by applicant]
Yenchek, M.R., et al., “Thermal Modeling of Portable Power Cables,” https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6324650, Jan. 1993, 24 pages. [cited by applicant]
Zhang, K., et al., “Machine Learning-Based Temperature Prediction for Runtime Thermal Management across System Components,” IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distribute, Mar. 2016, pp. 1-15. [cited by applicant]
English Translation and Original Office Action in counterpart Japanese Application No. 2022-552303, mailed Nov. 2, 2023, 20 pages. [cited by applicant]
Notification of Grant in counterpart Chinese Application No. 202180026193.6, mailed Apr. 3, 2024, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
Office Action for counterpart Japanese Application No. 2022552303, mailed May 31, 2024, 17 pages. [cited by applicant]
Office Action for counterpart Korean Application No. 1020227038891, mailed Jul. 29, 2024, 22 pages. [cited by applicant]
Office Action for counterpart Japanese Application No. 2022552303, dated Nov. 28, 2024 (mailed Dec. 2, 2024), 17 pages. [cited by applicant]