IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,295,726
Granted Patent B2
US 12,295,726 · App. 18/439,750 · Granted May 13, 2025

Systems and methods for determining swimming metrics

Inventors: Bharath Narasimha Rao (Mountain View, CA); Craig Mermel (San Jose, CA); Karthik Jayaraman Raghuram (Mountain View, CA); Hung A. Pham (Oakland, CA); Adam S. Howell (Oakland, CA); Rami Y. Hindiyeh (Pacifica, CA); James P. Ochs (San Francisco, CA); Vinay R. Majjigi (Mountain View, CA); Alexander Singh Alvarado (Sunnyvale, CA); Sunny K. Chow (Santa Clara, CA); Umamahesh Srinivas (Milpitas, CA); Xing Tan (San Jose, CA); Ronald K. Huang (San Jose, CA); Edith Merle Arnold (San Francisco, CA); Robin T. Guers (San Jose, CA); Gunes Dervisoglu (Santa Clara, CA); Adeeti Ullal (Emerald Hills, CA)
Assignee: Apple Inc.
A61B5/1112A61B5/0205A61B5/02438A61B5/1114A61B5/1118A61B5/1122A61B5/681A63B24/0062G01C22/00G01C22/006G01P15/14G06F18/2135G06F18/2411G06V40/23H04W4/027A63B2024/0071
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,295,726
App. No.
18/439,750
Granted
May 13, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

The present disclosure relates to methods and systems of determining swimming metrics of a user during a swimming session. The method can include receiving, by a processor circuit of a user device, motion information from one or more motion sensors of the user device; determining, by the processor circuit using the motion information, a first set of rotational data of the user device, wherein the first set of rotational data is expressed in a first frame of reference; converting, by the processor circuit, the first set of rotational data into a second set of rotational data, wherein the second set of rotational data is expressed in a second frame of reference; determining, by the processor circuit, one or more swimming metrics of the user; and outputting the one or more swimming metrics.

Claims (30)

1. A method for improving an accuracy of a wearable device while determining swimming metrics of a user during a swimming session, the method comprising:

receiving, by a processor circuit of the wearable device, motion data from one or more motion sensors of the wearable device;

determining, by the processor circuit using the motion data, a first set of rotational data of the wearable device, wherein the first set of rotational data is expressed in a first frame of reference;

converting, by the processor circuit, the first set of rotational data into a second set of rotational data, wherein the second set of rotational data is expressed in a second frame of reference;

determining, by the processor circuit, one or more swimming metrics of the user based on the second set of rotational data, wherein the one or more swimming metrics comprise at least one of turns, breaths, laps, swimming styles, and swimming strokes; and

outputting, by the processor circuit, the one or more swimming metrics of the user.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the one or more swimming metrics of the user comprises:

receiving an input from the user whether to calibrate a length of a swimming pool;

if the input indicates that the user selects to calibrate the length of the swimming pool:

prompting the user to perform an activity along an edge of the swimming pool, wherein the edge is parallel with a direction the user swims,

receiving distance data associated with the activity,

calculating the length of the swimming pool based on the distance data, and

determining the one or more swimming metrics based on the calculated length of the swimming pool; and

if the input indicates that the user does not select to calibrate the length of the swimming pool:

counting a number of swimming strokes per lap,

calculating the length of the swimming pool based on the number of strokes per lap and a default stroke length, and

determining the one or more swimming metrics based on the calculated length of the swimming pool.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein receiving distance data associated with the activity comprises:

receiving, by the processor circuit, a number of steps associated with the activity from a pedometer of the wearable device, wherein the activity comprises at least one of walking or running.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein receiving distance data associated with the activity comprises:

receiving, by the processor circuit, location data from a GPS sensor of the wearable device.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first frame of reference comprises a body-fixed frame of reference with respect to the wearable device.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second frame of reference comprises an inertial frame of reference.

7. A system for improving an accuracy of a wearable device while determining one or more swimming metrics of a user during a swimming session, the system comprising:

one or more motion sensors configured to collect motion data; and

a processor circuit coupled to the one or more motion sensors and configured to execute instructions causing the processor to:

determine a first set of rotational data, wherein the first set of rotational data is expressed in a first frame of reference;

convert the first set of rotational data into a second set of rotational data, wherein the second set of rotational data is expressed in a second frame of reference;

determine one or more swimming metrics of the user based on the second set of rotational data; and

output the one or more swimming metrics of the user.

Continuity (8)
Division 15691245 · Aug 30, 2017
Provisional Application 62381843 · Aug 31, 2016
Provisional Application 62381846 · Aug 31, 2016
Provisional Application 62381988 · Aug 31, 2016
Provisional Application 62381641 · Aug 31, 2016
Provisional Application 62381989 · Aug 31, 2016
Provisional Application 62381640 · Aug 31, 2016
Related Publication 20240180445A1 · Jun 6, 2024
References Cited (350)
US 4566461A · Lubell et al. · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4740009A · Hoelzl · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 5158093A · Shvartz et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5663897A · Geiser · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5664499A · Kingsmill · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 6013008A · Fukushima · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6059724A · Campbell et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6582380B2 · Kazlausky et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6687535B2 · Hautala et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6837827B1 · Lee et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6862525B1 · Beason et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6868338B1 · Elliott · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6876947B1 · Darley et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7254516B2 · Case et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7311675B2 · Peifer et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7377180B2 · Cunningham · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7387029B2 · Cunningham · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7467060B2 · Kulach et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7534206B1 · Lovitt et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7647196B2 · Kahn et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7690556B1 · Kahn et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7771320B2 · Riley et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7805149B2 · Werner et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7841967B1 · Kahn et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 8290480B2 · Abramson et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8483775B2 · Buck et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8531180B2 · Piemonte et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8589174B2 · Nelson et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8638320B2 · Harley et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8653956B2 · Berkobin et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8784271B2 · Brumback et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8890854B2 · Tenuta et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8892391B2 · Tu et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8894576B2 · Alwan et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8911329B2 · Lin et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8928635B2 · Harley et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9195305B2 · Markovic et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9264862B2 · Tu et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9413871B2 · Nixon et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9448250B2 · Pham et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9526430B2 · Srinivas et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9704412B2 · Wells et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9737761B1 · Sivaraj · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9788794B2 · Le Boeuf et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9817948B2 · Swank et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9918646B2 · Alvarado et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9998864B2 · Kumar et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10039969B2 · Burton · 2018 [cited by examiner]
US 10098549B2 · Tan et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10154789B2 · Raghuram et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10188347B2 · Self et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10206627B2 · Boeuf et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10219708B2 · Altini · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10244948B2 · Pham et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10290260B2 · Wu et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10292606B2 · Wisbey et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10512406B2 · Martinez et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10524670B2 · Raghuram et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10620232B2 · Tu et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10687707B2 · Tan et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10687752B2 · Pham et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10694994B2 · Alvarado et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10699594B2 · Mermel et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10617912B2 · Narasimha Rao et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10709933B2 · Tan et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11051720B2 · Perry et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11103749B2 · Mermel et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11278765B2 · Mohrman et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11517789B2 · Xie et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20010022828A1 · Pyles · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020019585A1 · Dickinson · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030032460A1 · Cannon et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030138763A1 · Roncalez et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040064061A1 · Nissila · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050065443A1 · Ternes · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050107723A1 · Wehman et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050124906A1 · Childre et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050212701A1 · Nimmo · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060064277A1 · Jung et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060136173A1 · Case et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060190217A1 · Lee et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060217231A1 · Parks et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070100666A1 · Stivoric et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070150229A1 · Fujiwara · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070219059A1 · Schwartz et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070275825A1 · O'Brien · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070276271A1 · Chan · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070293374A1 · Chan · 2007 [cited by examiner]
US 20080096726A1 · Riley et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080214360A1 · Stirling et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090009320A1 · O'Connor et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090024332A1 · Karlov et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090043531A1 · Kahn · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090063099A1 · Counts et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090143199A1 · Nishibayashi · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090240461A1 · Makino et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090319221A1 · Kahn et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100030350A1 · House et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100030482A1 · Li · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100130890A1 · Matsurmura et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100184564A1 · Molyneux et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100204952A1 · Irlam et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100210953A1 · Sholder et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100210975A1 · Anthony et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100217099A1 · Leboeuf et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100274102A1 · Teixeira · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100298656A1 · Mccombie et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110040193A1 · Seppanen et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110054359A1 · Sazonov et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110082008A1 · Cheung et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110131012A1 · Czaja et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110152695A1 · Granqvist et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110195707A1 · Faerber et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110238485A1 · Haumont et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110301436A1 · Teixeira · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120006112A1 · Lee et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120083715A1 · Yuen et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120122064A1 · Ben-Tal · 2012 [cited by examiner]
US 20120172677A1 · Logan et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120238832A1 · Jang et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120245714A1 · Mueller et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120296455A1 · Ohnemus et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120322621A1 · Bingham et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130006522A1 · Vellaikal et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130023739A1 · Russell · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130041590A1 · Burich et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130053990A1 · Ackland · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130073255A1 · Yuen et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130085861A1 · Dunlap · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130096943A1 · Carey et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130135097A1 · Doezema · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130158686A1 · Zhang et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130178335A1 · Lin et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130197377A1 · Takahiko et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130218053A1 · Kaiser et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130267794A1 · Fernstrom et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130326137A1 · Bilange et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130340287A1 · Stewart · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140071082A1 · Singh et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140073486A1 · Ahmed et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140087708A1 · Kalita et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140088444A1 · Saalasti et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140107932A1 · Luna · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140109390A1 · Manning · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140121471A1 · Walker · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140167973A1 · Letchner et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140172238A1 · Craine · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140172361A1 · Chiang et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140197946A1 · Park et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140200906A1 · Bentley et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140207264A1 · Quy · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140213920A1 · Lee et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140221854A1 · Wai · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140228649A1 · Rayner et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140244071A1 · Czaja et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140266160A1 · Coza · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140266789A1 · Matus · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140276127A1 · Ferdosi et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140277628A1 · Nieminen · 2014 [cited by examiner]
US 20140278139A1 · Hong et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140278229A1 · Hong et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140279123A1 · Harkey et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140316305A1 · Venkatraman et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140348367A1 · Vavrus et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150066526A1 · Cheng et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150072712A1 · Huang et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150087929A1 · Rapoport et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150088006A1 · Rapoport et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150100141A1 · Hughes · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150105096A1 · Chowdhury et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150119728A1 · Blackadar et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150147734A1 · Flores et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150148632A1 · Benaron et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150173631A1 · Richards et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150182149A1 · Rapoport et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150250417A1 · Cheng et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150256689A1 · Erkkila et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150260514A1 · Menelas et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150294440A1 · Roberts · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150327804A1 · Lefever et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150328523A1 · Heling et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150338926A1 · Park et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150345985A1 · Fung et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150357948A1 · Goldstein · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150374240A1 · Lee et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160021238A1 · Abramson et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160038083A1 · Ding et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160054449A1 · Pekonen et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160057372A1 · Raghuram et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160058302A1 · Raghuram et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160058329A1 · Srinivas et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160058332A1 · Tan et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160058333A1 · Arnold et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160058356A1 · Raghuram et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160058370A1 · Raghuram et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160058371A1 · Singh et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160058372A1 · Raghuram et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160059079A1 · Watterson · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160066859A1 · Crawford et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160069679A1 · Jackson et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160084869A1 · Yuen et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160143579A1 · Martikka · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160147319A1 · Agarwal et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160166178A1 · Fuss et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160170998A1 · Frank et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160206248A1 · Sartor et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160223578A1 · Klosinski, Jr. et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160242646A1 · Obma · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160256058A1 · Pham et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160263435A1 · Venkatraman et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160269572A1 · Erkkila et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160287177A1 · Huppert et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160301581A1 · Carter et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160314633A1 · Bonanni et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160361020A1 · Leboeuf et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160363449A1 · Metzler et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160374614A1 · Cavallaro et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170007166A1 · Roover et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170061817A1 · Mettler · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170074897A1 · Mermel et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170082649A1 · Tu et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170094450A1 · Tu et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170095181A1 · Hauenstein · 2017 [cited by examiner]
US 20170111768A1 · Smith et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170181644A1 · Meer et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170182360A1 · Chang et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170188893A1 · Venkatraman et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170202486A1 · Martikka et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170211936A1 · Howell et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170242499A1 · Shah et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170242500A1 · Shah et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170251972A1 · Jayaraman et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170259116A1 · Mestas et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170269734A1 · Graff · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170269785A1 · Abdollahian et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170273619A1 · Alvarado et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170347885A1 · Tan et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170357007A1 · Miller et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170367658A1 · Leboeuf et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170368413A1 · Shavit · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180028863A1 · Matsuda · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180043210A1 · Niehaus et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180049694A1 · Alvarado et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180050235A1 · Tan et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180055375A1 · Martinez et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180055439A1 · Pham et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180056123A1 · Narasimha Rao et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180056128A1 · Narasimha Rao et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180056129A1 · Narasimha Rao et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180249908A1 · Anthony et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180279914A1 · Patek et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180303381A1 · Todd et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180344217A1 · Perry et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190038938A1 · Nagasaka et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190076063A1 · Kent et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190090087A1 · Taylor et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190184230A1 · Lee et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190184233A1 · Xie et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190360813A1 · Zhao et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200232796A1 · Lee et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210068689A1 · Ochs et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210068712A1 · Humblet et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210068713A1 · Dervisoglu et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210093917A1 · Dervisoglu et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210093918A1 · Dervisoglu et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220114873A1 · Williams · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220241641A1 · Mermel et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
AU 2008100295 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
CN 102481479 · 2012 [cited by applicant]
CN 104218976 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
CN 105031905 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 105068656 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
GB 2465824 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
IN 259KOL2015 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
JP 2004089317 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
JP 2010051333 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
JP 2013039316 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
JP 2014042757 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
JP 2016150018 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
JP 2018000543 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
JP 2018015187 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
JP 2019028796 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
JP 2020148558 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
RO 122807 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003061779 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2010090867 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2011105914 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015126182 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015200900 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016044831 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016073620 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016142246 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018117914 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
Kodama et al., Examination of Inertial Sensor-Based Estimation Methods of Lower Limb Joint Moments and Ground Reaction Force: Results for Squat and Sit-to-Stand Movements in the Sagittal Plane, Aug. 1, 2016, Sensors 201… [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/015,912, filed Sep. 9, 2020, Humblet et al. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/015,965, filed Sep. 9, 2020, Dervisoglu et al. [cited by applicant]
U.S. Appl. No. 17/016,020, filed Sep. 9, 2020, Ochs et al. [cited by applicant]
[No Author Listed], “Your Fitness FAQ, Why is it important to warm up and cool down in a workout?”, 2012, Web, Retrieved from: ilttp:/fwww.yourfitnessfaq_com/whyisitimportanttowarmupandcooldowninaworkout.html. [cited by applicant]
Alexander, “Energetics and Optimization of Human Walking and Running,” Am J Human Biology, Mar. 20, 2002, 14:641-648. [cited by applicant]
Bo et al., “TEXIVE: Detecting Drivers Using Personal Smart Phones by Leveraging Inertial Sensors”, Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL, Dec. 7, 2014, pp. 1-12. [cited by applicant]
Brooks, G.A. et al., “Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Applications,” Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill, ISBN 0-07-255642-0 Chapter 2: Bioenergetics, Chapter 10: Metabolic Response to Exercise: Lactate Metabol… [cited by applicant]
Bruce, R.A. et al., “Exercising testing in adult normal subjects and cardiac patients,” Pediatrics, vol. 32, No. Suppl., pp. 742-756 (Oct. 1963). [cited by applicant]
Bruce, R.A. et al., “Maximal oxygen intake and nomographic assessment of functional aerobic impairment in cardiovascular disease,” American Heart Journal, vol. 85, Issue 4, pp. 546-562 (Apr. 1973). [cited by applicant]
Burke, Edmund R., “High-Tech Cycling,” Second Edition, Human Kinetics, Chapter 4: Optimizing the Crank Cycle and Pedaling Cadence, Chapter 5: Cycling Biomechanics, Chapter 6: Cycling Power, Chapter 10: Physiology of Pro… [cited by applicant]
Cavanagh, P.R. et al., “The effect of stride length variation on oxygen uptake during distance running,” Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 30-35 (1982). [cited by applicant]
Chu, “In-Vehicle Driver Detection Using Mobile Phone Sensors”, Submitted for Graduation with departmental Distinction in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Apr. 20, 2011, pp. 1-21. [cited by applicant]
Earnest, C.P. et al., “Cross-sectional association between maximal estimated cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome for men and women in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study,” M… [cited by applicant]
Fox S.M. et al., “Physical Activity and the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease,” Bull. N.Y Acad. Med., vol. 44, No. 8, pp. 950-967 (Aug. 1968). [cited by applicant]
Frankenfield et al., “Comparison of Predictive Equations for Resting Metabolic Rate in Healthy Nonobese and Obese Adults: A systematic review_ Journal of the American Dietetic Association”, May 2005, vol. 105, No. 5, p.… [cited by applicant]
Gao et al., “Evaluation of accelerometer based multi-sensor versus single-sensor activity recognition systems”, Medical engineering & physics 36.6 (2014): 779-785. [cited by applicant]
Glass, S., et al., “ACSM's Metabolic Calculations Handbook,” Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 124 pages (2007). [cited by applicant]
Hasson et al., “Accuracy of four resting metabolic rate production equations: Effects of sex, body mass index, age, and race/ethnicity”, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2011, vol. 14, p. 344-351. [cited by applicant]
Human Kinetics, Aerobic Workout Components, 2011, Web, Retrieved from: ilttp:/fwww_humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/aerobicworkoutcomponentsexcert. [cited by applicant]
Isaacs et al., “Modeling energy expenditure and oxygen consumption in human exposure models: accounting for fatigue and EPOC”, 2008, Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 18: 289-298. [cited by applicant]
Jackson et al., “Prediction of functional aerobic capacity without exercise testing, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise”, 22(6), 863-870, 1990. [cited by applicant]
Keytel et al., “Prediction of energy expenditure from heart rate monitoring during submaximal exercise, 2005,” Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(3):289-97. [cited by applicant]
KINprof, 2011, “Predictive VO2max tests,” Web Video, Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?t= _9e3HcYlsm8. [cited by applicant]
Kunze et al. “Where am i: Recognizing on-body positions of wearable sensors_” Location-and context-awareness, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005_ 264-275_. [cited by applicant]
Kyle, (1979) “Reduction of Wind Resistance and Power Output of Racing Cyclists and Runners Travelling in Groups,” Ergonomics, 22:4, 38 7-397, DOI: · 10.1080/00140137908924623 (Year: 1979). [cited by applicant]
Lasecki, “Real-Time Crowd Labeling for Deployable Activity Recognition,” University of Rochester Computer Science, Feb. 23, 2013, 10 pages. [cited by applicant]
Latt et al., “Walking speed, cadence and step length are selected to optimize the stability of head and pelvis accelerations,” Experimental Brain Research, Aug. 24, 2007, 184: 201-209. [cited by applicant]
Lavie, C.J. et al., “Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure,” Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 251-258 (Mar. 2013). [cited by applicant]
Le, et al., “Sensor-based Training Optimization of a Cyclist Group”, Seventh International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, IEEE 2007, pp. 265-270. [cited by applicant]
Lucas et al., “Mechanisms of orthostatic intolerance following very prolonged exercise”, 2008, J Appl Physiol, 105: 213-225. [cited by applicant]
Margaria, R. et al., “Energy cost of running,” Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 367-370 (Mar. 1, 1963). [cited by applicant]
Mattfeld et al., “A New Dataset for Evaluating Pedometer Performance,” IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), Nov. 2017, pp. 865-869. [cited by applicant]
Mcardle, W.D. et al., “Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy and Human Performance,” 184 pages (2010). [cited by applicant]
Morgan et al., “Effect of step length optimization on the aerobic demand of running,” Journal of Applied Physiology, 1994, 245-251. [cited by applicant]
Myers, J. et al., “Exercise Capacity and Mortality Among Men Referred for Exercise Testing,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 346, No. 11, pp. 793-801 (Mar. 14, 2002). [cited by applicant]
Noakes, Timothy D., “Lore of Running, ” Fourth Edition, Human Kinetics, Chapter 2: Oxygen Transport and Running Economy, Chapter 3: Energy Systems and Running Performance, 157 pages (2002). [cited by applicant]
Novatel, “IMU Error and Their Effects”, Novatel Application Notes APN-064 Rev A p. 1-6, Feb. 21, 2014. [cited by applicant]
PCT International Application No. PCT/US2017/049693, International Search Report dated Dec. 8, 2017, 3 pages. [cited by applicant]
PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability in International Appln. No. PCT/US2017/049693, dated Mar. 5, 2019, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
PCT International Preliminary Report on Patentability in International Appln. No. PCT/US2018/047290, dated Mar. 17, 2020, 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
PCT International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/047290, mailed on Nov. 8, 2018, 14 pages. [cited by applicant]
Pfitzinger.com “Optimal Marathon Training Sessions, Distance Coach.com, Intelligent Training for Distance Runners,” archived May 15, 2012, <https://web.archive.org/web/20120515081237 /http://www.pfitzinger.com/marathont… [cited by applicant]
Rapoport, Benjamin I., “Metabolic Factors Limiting Performance in Marathon Runners,” PLoS Computational Biology, vol. 6, Issue 10, 13 pages (Oct. 2010). [cited by applicant]
Romijn et al., “Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration,” Am. J. Physiol., 1993, 6:1-13. [cited by applicant]
Rowlands et al., “Assessing Sedentary Behavior with the GENEActiv: Introducing the Sedentary Sphere_”, Medicine and science in sports and exercise 46_6 (2014): 1235-1247. [cited by applicant]
Sabatini, “Kalman-filter-based orientation determination using inertial/magnetic sensors: observability analysis and performance evaluation”, Sep. 27, 2011, Sensors 2011, 11, 9182-9206. [cited by applicant]
Shen et al., “MiLift: Efficient Smartwatch-Based Workout Tracking Using Automatic Segmentation,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Jul. 2018, 17(7):1609-1622. [cited by applicant]
Song et al., “Training Activity Recognition Systems Online Using Real-Time Crowdsourcing”, University of Rochester Computer Science, UbiCom' 12, Sep. 5-8, 2012 (2 pages). [cited by applicant]
Tanaka, H. et al., “Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited, ” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 37, Issue 1, pp. 153-156 (Jan. 2001). [cited by applicant]
Triendurance.com “Running with a Higher Cadence, Triendurance,” Oct. 23, 2021, retrieved from <https ://web. archive.org/web/20080228162904/http://www.triendurance .com/Related. asp? PagelD=14&NavlD=7>, 2 pages. [cited by applicant]
Unuma et al., JP2007093433, published on Apr. 12, 2007, 27 pages (machine translated English version). [cited by applicant]
Vella et al., “Exercise After-Bum: Research Update”, 2005, Web, Retrieved from: http://www_unm.edu/˜lkravitz/ Article%20folder/epocarticle_html. [cited by applicant]
Wang, L. et al., “Time constant of heart rate recovery after low level exercise as a useful measure of cardiovascular fitness,” Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., vol. 1, pp. 1799-1802 (2006). [cited by applicant]
Yamaji, et al., (Relationship Between Heart Rate and Relative Oxygen Intake in Male Subjects Aged 10 to 27 Years, 1978, J. Human Ergol., 7:29-39) (Year: 1978). [cited by applicant]
Zhao, “New Developments of the Typical MEMS and Wearable Sensor Technologies,” Micronanoelectronic Technology, Jan. 2015, 52(1):1-13 (with English abstract). [cited by applicant]
Zhou et al., “Development of the Technical Monitoring System for Swimming Competition,” China Sport Science and Technology, Aug. 2008, 44(4):84-86 (with English abstract). [cited by applicant]