Radio wake-up system with multi-mode operation

1. A method of establishing communication between a primary node and one or more secondary nodes over one or more communications channels, wherein the secondary nodes are placed in a sleep state in the absence of active communications and are responsive to a wake-up message transmitted over the one or more communications channels from the primary node to enter a wake-up state to permit the establishment of active communications, the method comprising:

sending a wake-up message from an instigator at the primary node to a receptor at a said secondary node;

periodically sniffing said one or more communications channels with the receptor at said secondary node for a valid wake-up message;

in response to reception of a valid wake-up message said receptor placing said secondary node in the wake-up state;

said instigator and receptor employing a selected one of a plurality of operational modes, said operational modes being defined by the timing of the wake-up message and sniff pattern at the receptor;

monitoring channel conditions in said one or more communication channels; and

in response to said monitoring of said channel conditions changing said selected operational mode to suit different channel conditions,

wherein said selected mode is changed at the receptor in response to a mode change instruction signal received from the instigator.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the instigator monitors transmission conditions in said one or more communications channels, and changes the selected mode in response to a determination that the transmission conditions have changed by a certain amount.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the receptor al monitors transmission conditions in said one or more channels, and changes the selected mode in response to a determination that the transmission conditions have changed by a certain amount.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said receptor sends a wake-up response to said instigator in response to reception of a valid wake-up message.

5. A method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein said wake-up message forms part of a group of repeated wake-up messages sent in a wake-up transmission to the receptor, at least some of said messages include an indication of the time until the end of the wake-up transmission, and after receiving a valid wake-up message said receptor enters a reduced power state until the end of the wake-up transmission before sending said wake-up response to the instigator and placing said secondary node in the wake-up state.

6. A method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein said wake-up message forms part of a group of repeated wake-up messages sent in a wake-up transmission to the receptor, and after receiving a valid wake-up message said receptor sends said wake-up response to the instigator at a different channel from a channel at which the wake-up transmission was sent.

7. A method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein said wake-up message forms part of a group of repeated wake-up messages sent in a wake-up transmission to the receptor, and after receiving a valid wake-up message said receptor enters a reduced power state while periodically sniffing for the end of the wake-up transmission, and wherein said receptor sends said wake-up response to said instigator upon detecting the end of the wake-up transmission.

8. A method as claimed claim 1 , wherein said plurality of operational modes comprise at least two of the modes A, B, C, D defined by the following table:

Instigator wake-up

Mode

transmission request

Receptor Sniffing Mode

A

Continuous transmission

Periodic sniff with fixed

interval

B

Periodic pattern with fixed

Periodic sniff with fixed

duty cycle

interval

C

Any pattern with fixed duty

Series of trains of sniffs at

cycle limits (minimum on

fixed intervals

time and maximum off

time)

D

Continuous with shorter

Periodic sniff with

transmission than mode A

shorter fixed interval

than mode A.

9. A method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein in mode A the fixed interval is given by the expression: Tsper=Twtx−Ts−Tr, where Tsper is the time between sniffs, Twtx is the wake-up message transmission time, Ts is the sniff time, and Tr is wake-up message read time, wherein in mode B the fixed interval is given by an expression selected from the group consisting of: Tsper1(n)=n (Toff+Ton)+Toff+Ts and Tsper2(n)=n (Toff+Ton)+Ton−Ts where Tsper is the time between sniffs, Ts is the sniff time, Ton is wake-up message on time, Toff is the wake-up message off time, n is a positive integer selected for a desired latency, and wherein in mode C the period of sniffs in each train (Tsper2) is as follows:

Ts per2≦Min( T on)− Ts

and the number of sniffs in each train (Nt) is:

Nt ≧Ceiling((Max( T off)+ Ts )/ Ts per2)+1

And wherein the value of Nt satisfies the equation:

Ts per2=(Max( T off+ Ts )/( Nt− 1)

where

Nt =Ceiling((Max( T off)+ Ts )/(Min( T on)− Ts ))+1.

10. A method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein said plurality of operational modes comprise all of said modes A,B,C,D.

11. A communications system as wherein communications are established between a primary node and one or more secondary nodes over one or more communications channels, wherein the secondary nodes are placed in a sleep state in the absence of active communications and are responsive to a wake-up message transmitted over the one or more communications channels from the primary node to enter a wake-up state to permit the establishment of active communications, the system comprising:

an instigator for transmitting on demand a wake-up message over one or more communication channels; and

a receptor configured to periodically sniff said one or more communications channels at said secondary node for a valid wake-up message, said receptor comprising:

a wake-up signal generator for generating a wake-up signal to place the secondary node in the wake-up state in response to reception of a valid wake-up message;

a transmission monitor for monitoring channel conditions in said one or more communication channels; and

a controller configured to employ a selected one of a plurality of operational modes, said operational modes being defined by the timing of the wake-up message and sniff pattern at the receptor, said controller further responsive to an output from said transmission monitor to change said selected operational mode at the receptor to suit different channel conditions,

wherein said receptor is configured to send a wake-up response to said instigator in response to reception of a valid wake-up message, and said instigator is configured to transmit said wake-up message as part of a group of repeated wake-up messages sent in a wake-up transmission to the receptor, and to include an indication of the time until the end of the wake-up transmission in at least some of said wake-up messages, and said receptor is configured to:

(i) enter a reduced power state until the end of the wake-up transmission

(ii) to send said wake-up response to the instigator and place said secondary node in the wake-up state at the end of the wake-up transmission after receiving a valid wake-up message.

12. A system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein said controller is configured to change the selected mode in response to a mode change signal received from the instigator.

13. A system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the instigator includes said transmission monitor configured to monitor channel conditions in said one or more channels, and said instigator being configured to send a mode change signal to said controller in response to a determination that the channel conditions have changed by a certain amount.

14. A system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the receptor includes said transmission monitor configured to monitor transmission conditions in said one or more channels.

15. A system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein said receptor is configured to send a wake-up response to said instigator in response to reception of a valid wake-up message and said instigator is configured to transmit said wake-up message as part of a group of repeated wake-up messages sent in a wake-up transmission to the receptor, and said receptor is configured to send said wake-up response to the instigator on a different channel from a channel on which the wake-up transmission was sent.

16. A system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein said receptor is configured to send a wake-up response to said instigator in response to reception of a valid wake-up message and said instigator is configured to transmit said wake-up message as part of a group of repeated wake-up messages sent in a wake-up transmission to the receptor, and said receptor is configured to enter a reduced power state upon receipt of a valid wake-up message while periodically sniffing for the end of the wake-up transmission, and wherein said receptor is configured to send said wake-up response to said instigator upon detecting the end of the wake-up transmission.

17. A system in claim 11 , wherein said plurality of operational modes comprise at least two of the modes A, B, C, D defined by the following table:

Instigator wake-up

Mode

transmission request

Receptor Sniffing Mode

A

Continuous transmission

Periodic sniff with fixed

interval

B

Periodic pattern with fixed

Periodic sniff with fixed

duty cycle

interval

C

Any pattern with fixed duty

Series of trains of sniffs at

cycle limits (minimum on

fixed intervals

time and maximum off

time)

D

Continuous with shorter

Periodic sniff with

transmission than mode A

shorter fixed interval

than mode A.

18. A system as claimed in claim 17 , wherein in mode A the fixed interval is given by the expression: Tsper=Twtx−Ts−Tr, where Tsper is the time between sniffs, Txtx is the wake-up message transmission time, Ts is the sniff time, and Tr is wake-up message read time, wherein in mode B the fixed interval is given by an expression selected from the group consisting of: Tsper1(n)=n (Toff+Ton)+Toff+Ts and Tsper2(n)=n (Toff+Ton)+Ton−Ts where Tsper is the time between sniffs, Ts is the sniff time, Ton is wake-up message on time, Toff is the wake-up message off time, n is a positive integer selected for a desired latency, and wherein in mode C the period of sniffs in each train (Tsper2) is as follows:

Ts per2≦Min( T on)− Ts

and the number of sniffs in each train (Nt) is:

Nt ≧Ceiling((Max( T off)+ Ts )/ Ts per2)+1.

19. A system as claimed in claim 17 , wherein said plurality of operational modes comprise all of said modes A, B, C, D.

20. A receptor for use in a communication system wherein communications are established between a primary node and one or more secondary nodes over one or more communications channels, wherein the secondary nodes are placed in a sleep state in the absence of active communications and are responsive to a wake-up message transmitted over the one or more communications channels from the primary node to enter a wake-up state to permit the establishment of active communications, the receptor comprising:

a receiver for receiving a wake-up message from an instigator at the primary node;

a controller for periodically activating the receiver to sniff said one or more communications channels with the receptor to listen for a wake-up message;

in response to reception of a valid wake-up message said receptor placing said secondary node in the wake-up state;

said controller employing a selected one of a plurality of operational modes, said operational modes being defined by the timing of the wake-up message and sniff pattern at the receptor, and said controller being configured to change said selected operational mode to suit different channel conditions; and

wherein said controller is configured to change the selected mode based on a condition selected from the group consisting of: a change signal received from the instigator and a programmed schedule.

21. A receptor as claimed in claim 20 , wherein said plurality of operational modes comprise at least two of the modes A, B, C, D defined by the following table:

Instigator wake-up

Mode

transmission request

Receptor Sniffing Mode

A

Continuous transmission

Periodic sniff with fixed

interval

B

Periodic pattern with fixed

Periodic sniff with fixed

duty cycle

interval

C

Any pattern with fixed duty

Series of trains of sniffs at

cycle limits (minimum on

fixed intervals

time and maximum off

time)

D

Continuous with shorter

Periodic sniff with

transmission than mode A

shorter fixed interval

than mode A.

22. A receptor as claimed in claim 20 , wherein in mode A the fixed interval is given by the expression: Tsper=Twtx−Ts−Tr, where Tsper is the time between sniffs, Txtx is the wake-up message transmission time, Ts is the sniff time, and Tr is wake-up message read time, wherein in mode B the fixed interval is given by an expression selected from the group consisting of: Tsper1(n)=n (Toff+Ton)+Toff+Ts and Tsper2(n)=n (Toff+Ton)+Ton−Ts where Tsper is the time between sniffs, Ts is the sniff time, Ton is wake-up message on time, Toff is the wake-up message off time, n is a positive integer selected for a desired latency, and wherein in mode C the period of sniffs in each train (Tsper2) is as follows:

Ts per2≦Min( T on)− Ts

and the number of sniffs in each train (Nt) is:

Nt ≧Ceiling((Max( T off)+ Ts )/ Ts per2)+1.