Digitally controlled tuner circuit
View Patent ↗A digitally controlled tuner circuit for continuous time filters. The digital PLL-based tuner circuit has a digitally controlled oscillator and an open-loop filter. The oscillator has digitally adjusted resistors to allow for digital fine tuning of its time constant and its output frequency. A lock detector detecting the output of the open-loop filter is also part of the tuner circuit.
1. A digitally-controlled tuner circuit for tuning a continuous-time filter, said digitally-controlled tuner circuit comprising:
a digitally-controlled oscillator receiving a digital control signal, said digitally-controlled oscillator producing an output periodic signal in response to said digital control signal, wherein said digital control signal is composed of a plurality of bits;
a square-wave generator coupled to said digitally-controlled oscillator, said square-wave generator receiving said output periodic signal and then converting said output periodic signal into a square wave output periodic signal;
a phase/frequency detector coupled to said square-wave generator, said phase/frequency detector receiving a reference signal and said square wave output periodic signal, said phase/frequency detector generating an “up” signal and a “down” signal in response to said reference signal and said square wave output periodic signal;
an up/down counter coupled to said phase/frequency detector, said up/down counter producing binary data in response to said “up” signal and said “down” signal;
a first decoder coupled to said up/down counter and said digitally-controlled oscillator, said first decoder receiving said binary data and producing said digital control signal in response to said binary data; and
a digital filter coupled to said up/down counter, said digital filter receiving said binary data to produce and outputting a first control signal, wherein said first control signal is for tuning the continuous-time filter.
2. The tuner circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a lock detector coupled to said digital filter, said lock detector receiving said first control signal and producing a lock-determining signal in response to said first control signal;
a second decoder coupled to said digital filter, said second decoder receiving said first control signal and producing a second control signal in response to said first control signal;
a first D flip-flop coupled to said second decoder and said lock detector, said first D flip-flop receiving said second control signal and said lock-determining signal, and producing a third control signal in response to said second control signal and said lock-determining signal, wherein said third control signal is for tuning the continuous-time filter.
3. The tuner circuit of claim 1 , wherein said digitally-controlled oscillator is of the transconductance-capacitor type.
4. The tuner circuit of claim 1 , wherein said digitally-controlled oscillator comprises:
an electric circuit, said electric circuit being of active RC type and comprising a resistive element; and
a plurality of digitally-controlled switch units, each of said plurality of switch units being in parallel with said resistive element;
wherein each said switch unit has an input terminal to receive one of said plurality of bits of said digital control signal, and when each said switch unit is turned on an equivalent resistance thereof is in parallel with said resistive element.
5. The tuner circuit of claim 4 , wherein each said switch unit comprises a pair of transistors connected in series, and the gates of said pair of transistors are connected to form said input terminal used to receive one of said plurality of bits of said digital control signal.
6. The tuner circuit of claim 5 , wherein said pair of transistors is a pair of PMOSFETs or a pair of NMOSFETs.
7. The tuner circuit of claim 6 , wherein when each said switch unit is turned on both of said pair of transistors of each said switch unit are in a deep triode region of operation, so that each of said pair of transistors of each said switch unit behaves essentially as a resistor.
8. The tuner circuit of claim 7 , wherein said equivalent resistance of each said switch unit comprises a sum of resistances of said pair of transistors of each said switch unit, and the resistance of each of said pair of transistors is controllable by a ratio of the channel width to the channel length of each of said pair of transistors.
9. The tuner circuit of claim 2 , wherein said lock detector comprises:
an exclusive OR gate, said exclusive OR gate having a first input terminal to receive a least significant bit of said first control signal produced by said digital filter, a second input terminal and an output terminal;
a second D flip-flop, said second D flip-flop having a third input terminal to receive said least significant bit, a fourth input terminal to receive a clock signal, and an output terminal coupled to said second input terminal of said exclusive OR gate; and
a plurality of D flip-flops comprising number 1 to number M D flip-flop, each of said plurality of D flip-flops having a fifth input terminal to receive a reset signal produced at said output terminal of said exclusive OR gate, and a sixth input terminal to receive said clock signal, wherein said number 1 D flip-flop has an input terminal to receive a triggering voltage, a number m D flip-flop has an input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the number m−1 D flip-flop, M is a positive integer and m is from 2 to M, and wherein the number M D flip-flop produces and outputs said lock-determining signal of claim 2 .
10. The tuner circuit of claim 9 , wherein if a digital state of said least significant bit received by said exclusive OR gate remains the same in M+1 clock periods of said clock signal, during the number M+1 clock period said triggering voltage becomes an output of said number M D flip-flop, and is a voltage of said lock-determining signal.
11. A method of digitally controlling a tuner circuit, the method comprising:
providing a digitally-controlled oscillator to generate an output signal with controlled frequency;
converting the output signal of the digitally-controlled oscillator to a square-wave signal;
detecting a phase difference or a frequency difference between the square-wave signal and a reference signal;
controlling a counter in response to the detecting step;
decoding an output of the counter to generate a digital control signal;
controlling the frequency of the output signal of the oscillator by applying the digital control signal to the oscillator; and
digitally filtering an output of the counter to generate an average control signal.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising a step of tuning a continuous-time filter using the average control signal.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of controlling the frequency of the output signal of the oscillator comprises digitally varying an amount of resistance inside the oscillator.