Polishing composition for noble metals

1. A polishing composition comprising:

(a) an oxidizing agent that oxidizes a noble metal,

(b) an anion selected from the group consisting of sulfate, borate, nitrate, and phosphate, and

(c) a liquid carrier;

wherein the oxidizing agent that oxidizes a noble metal is selected from the group consisting of bromates, bromites, hypobromites, chlorates, chlorites, hypochlorites, perchlorates, iodates, hypoiodates, periodates, cerium (IV) salts, permanganate, silver (III) salts, peroxyacetic acid, organo-halo-oxy compounds, monoperoxy sulfate, monoperoxy sulfite, monoperoxy thiosulfate, monoperoxyphosphate, monoperoxypyrophosphate, and monoperoxyphosphate.

2. The polishing composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate sulfate.

3. The polishing composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is a bromate.

4. The polishing composition of claim 1 , wherein the anion selected from the group consisting of sulfate, borate, nitrate, and phosphate is present in a concentration of about 0.05 M to about 2 M.

5. The polishing composition of claim 1 , wherein the liquid carrier comprises water.

6. The polishing composition of claim 5 , wherein the pH of the polishing composition is about 1 to about 8.

7. The polishing composition of claim 6 , wherein the pH of the polishing composition is about 2 to about 6.

8. The polishing composition of claim 1 , wherein the polishing composition further comprises an abrasive.

9. The polishing composition of claim 8 , wherein the abrasive is a metal oxide.

10. The polishing composition of claim 9 , wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, ceria, germania, magnesia, silica, titania, zirconia, co-formed products thereof, diamond, organic polymer particles, and combinations thereof.

11. A polishing composition for a substrate comprising ruthenium comprising:

(a) an oxidizing agent that oxidizes ruthenium above the +4 oxidation state,

(b) a polishing additive selected from the group consisting of metal sequestering polymers, metal chelators, organic thiols, compounds that reduce ruthenium tetraoxide, lactones, and α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds, and

(c) a liquid carrier.

12. The polishing composition of claim 11 , wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of bromates, bromites, hypobromites, chlorates, chlorites, hypochlorites, perchlorates, iodates, hypoiodates, periodates, cerium (IV) salts, permanganate, silver (III) salts, peroxyacetic acid, organo-halo-oxy compounds, monoperoxy sulfate, monoperoxy sulfite, monoperoxy thiosulfate, monoperoxyphosphate, monoperoxypyrophosphate, and monoperoxyhypophosphate.

13. The polishing composition of claim 12 , wherein the oxidizing agent is potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate sulfate.

14. The polishing composition of claim 12 , wherein the oxidizing agent is a bromate.

15. The polishing composition of claim 11 , further comprising an anion selected from the group consisting of sulfate, borate, nitrate, and phosphate.

16. The polishing composition of claim 15 , wherein the anion selected from the group consisting of sulfate, borate, nitrate, and phosphate is present in a concentration of about 0.05 M to about 2 M.

17. The polishing composition of claim 11 , wherein the polishing additive is a metal sequestering polymer selected from the group consisting of homopolymeric polyethyleneimines and hexamethrine bromide.

18. The polishing composition of claim 11 , wherein the polishing additive is a metal chelator selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, malonic acid, 1,10-phenanthroline, 2-pyridylacetic acid, 5-formylfuran sulfonic acid, N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, itaconic acid, chelidonic acid, 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione, and glycolamide.

19. The polishing composition of claim 11 , wherein the polishing additive is a organic thiol selected from the group consisting of alkyl mercaptans and aryl mercaptans.

20. The polishing composition of claim 11 , wherein the polishing additive is a compound that reduces ruthenium tetraoxide selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, pyrogallol, sodium sulfite, acetoacetamide, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, hypophosphorous acid, sulfurous acid, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone, pyrocatechol violet, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, 1,2,5-trihydroxybenzene, 1,3,4-trihydroxybenzene, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, and 4-hydroxybenzamide.

21. The polishing composition of claim 11 , wherein the polishing additive is a lactone compound selected from the group consisting of dehydroascorbic acid, α-D-glucoheptonic-γ-lactone, dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2,3-furanedione, tetronic acid, methyl coumalate, and 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone.

22. The polishing composition of claim 11 , wherein the polishing additive is an α-hydroxycarbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, α-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone, lactobionic acid, D-(+)-glucose, and α-D-glucoheptonic-γ-lactone.

23. The polishing composition of claim 11 , wherein the polishing composition further comprises an abrasive suspended in the liquid carrier, and the abrasive is a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of alumina, ceria, germania, magnesia, silica, titania, zirconia, co-formed products thereof, diamond, organic polymer particles, and combinations thereof.

24. The polishing composition of claim 11 , wherein the liquid carrier comprises water.

25. The polishing composition of claim 24 , wherein the pH of the polishing composition is about 1 to about 8.

26. The polishing composition of claim 25 , wherein the pH of the polishing composition is about 2 to about 6.