Channel estimation in OFDM communication systems
Embodiments of the present disclosure include an OFDM receiver circuit, which includes an FFT circuit configured to calculate an FFT of a plurality of sample values received by the receiver circuit, and a smoothing circuit configured to identify equalizer coefficients for the sample values by truncating portions of an impulse response of the FFT.
1. An OFDM receiver circuit, comprising:
a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) circuit configured to calculate an FFT of a plurality of sample values received by the receiver circuit;
a channel estimator circuit configured to receive the FFT and generate an estimated value of subcarriers including null-subcarriers; and
a smoothing circuit configured to:
use the estimated value; and
identify equalizer coefficients for the plurality of sample values by truncating portions of an impulse response of the FFT;
perform an inverse FFT on channel frequency response of the plurality of sample values with the estimated value of the null-subcarrier;
truncate portions of the impulse response in the results of the inverse FFT;
perform an FFT on results of the truncation;
evaluate whether results of the truncation have converged;
based on whether the results of the truncation have converged, determine whether to repeat performance of the inverse FFT, the truncation, and performance of the FFT on the results of the truncation;
wherein evaluation of whether the results of the truncation have converged includes summing power of all coefficients at the null-subcarriers and comparing a resulting sum of only the coefficients at the null-subcarriers to a threshold.
2. The OFDM receiver circuit of claim 1 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to:
estimate a value of a null sub-carrier in a channel frequency response of the plurality of sample values by selectively applying a least-square estimation matrix operation only to subchannels corresponding to null-subcarriers of the impulse response of the FFT; and
combine the estimated value of the null sub-carrier with the plurality of sample values to yield a combination matrix; and
perform another inverse FFT on the combination matrix to yield an inverted FFT matrix;
apply a mask to the inverted FFT matrix to channels beyond a threshold to yield a masked matrix to truncate portions of the impulse response of the FFT; and
apply the FFT to the masked matrix.
3. The OFDM receiver circuit of claim 1 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to identify the equalizer coefficients by truncating portions of the impulse response of the FFT beyond a defined length of the impulse response.
4. The OFDM receiver circuit of claim 1 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to identify the equalizer coefficients by performing the inverse FFT on channel frequency response of the plurality of sample values, truncating portions of the impulse response in results of the inverse FFT, and performing the FFT on results of the truncation.
5. The OFDM receiver circuit of claim 1 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to truncate portions of the impulse response by applying a least-square estimation matrix operation to the impulse response of the FFT.
6. The OFDM receiver circuit of claim 1 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to truncate portions of the impulse response by finding a channel impulse response as the least-square solution to an over-determined set of linear equations.
7. The OFDM receiver circuit of claim 1 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to perform an inverse FFT and truncate portions of the impulse response by applying the impulse response of the plurality of samples to a matrix operation dimensionally dependent upon expected channel response without null-subcarriers and including an inverse Fourier transform matrix.
8. A system, comprising:
a receiver circuit; and
a smoothing circuit configured to:
receive a plurality of sample values from the receiver circuit;
identify equalizer coefficients for the plurality of sample values by truncating portions of an impulse response of an FFT;
estimate a value of each null sub-carriers in a channel frequency response of the plurality of sample values;
perform an inverse FFT on channel frequency response of the plurality of sample values with the estimated value of each of the null-subcarriers;
truncate portions of the impulse response in results of the inverse FFT;
perform another FFT on the results of the truncation;
evaluate whether the results of the truncation have converged, including summing power of all coefficients at the null-subcarriers and comparing a resulting sum of only the coefficients at the null-subcarriers to a threshold; and
based on whether the results of the truncation have converged, determine whether to to repeat performance of the inverse FFT, truncation, and performance of the another FFT on the results of the truncation.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to:
estimate a value of a null sub-carrier in a channel frequency response of the plurality of sample values by selectively applying a least-square estimation matrix operation only to subchannels corresponding to null-subcarriers of the impulse response of the FFT;
combine the estimated value of the null sub-carrier with the plurality of sample values to yield a combination matrix;
perform another inverse FFT on the combination matrix to yield an inverted FFT matrix;
apply a mask to the inverted FFT matrix to channels beyond a threshold to yield a masked matrix to truncate portions of the impulse response of the FFT; and
apply the FFT to the masked matrix.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to identify the equalizer coefficients by truncating portions of the impulse response of the FFT beyond a defined length of the impulse response.
11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to identify the equalizer coefficients by performing the inverse FFT on channel frequency response of the plurality of sample values, truncating portions of the impulse response in results of the inverse FFT, and performing the another FFT on results of the truncation.
12. The system of claim 8 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to truncate portions of the impulse response by applying a least-square estimation matrix operation to the impulse response of the FFT.
13. The system of claim 8 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to truncate portions of the impulse response by finding a channel impulse response as a least-square solution to an over-determined set of linear equations.
14. The system of claim 8 , wherein the smoothing circuit is further configured to perform the inverse FFT and truncate portions of the impulse response by applying the impulse response of the plurality of samples to a matrix operation dimensionally dependent upon expected channel response without the null-subcarriers and including an inverse Fourier transform matrix.
15. A method, comprising:
receiving a plurality of sample values from a receiver circuit;
identifying equalizer coefficients for the plurality of sample values by truncating portions of an impulse response of an FFT;
estimating a value of each null sub-carriers in a channel frequency response of the plurality of sample values;
performing an inverse FFT on channel frequency response of the plurality of sample values with the estimated value each of the null-subcarriers;
truncating portions of the impulse response in results of the inverse FFT;
performing another FFT on the results of the truncation;
evaluating whether the results of the truncation have converged, including summing power of all coefficients at the null-subcarriers and comparing a resulting sum of only the coefficients at the null-subcarriers to a threshold; and
based on whether the results of the truncation have converged, determining whether to repeat performance of the inverse FFT, truncation, and performance of the another FFT.