Toner, toner storage unit, image forming apparatus and method of forming image
A toner includes a binding resin; and a metal crosslinking agent that forms a metal crosslinking with the binding resin. A measurement curve of a storage elastic modulus G′ in a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement has a maximum value in a range of 100° C. or more.
1. A toner comprising:
a binding resin; and
a metal crosslinking agent that forms a metal crosslinking with the binding resin,
wherein a highest temperature among inflection points where a measurement curve of a storage elastic modulus G′ of the toner shifts from upper convexes to lower convexes is 100° C. or higher.
2. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein
the measurement curve of the storage elastic modulus G′ of the toner has two extreme values in the range of 100° C. or more.
3. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein
the storage elastic modulus G′ of the toner is greater than or equal to 1.0×10 3 Pa in the range of 100° C. or more.
4. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein
the measurement curve of the storage elastic modulus G′ of the toner has two extreme values within a range of from 110° C. to 160° C. inclusive.
5. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein
a measured temperature in the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement is 90° C. or more when the storage elastic modulus G′ of the toner is 1.0×10 4 Pa.
6. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein
the metal crosslinking agent includes a metal salt having a valence of one or more.
7. A toner storage unit storing the toner according to claim 1 .
8. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a photoreceptor;
a charging unit that charges the photoreceptor;
an exposure unit that exposes the charged photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image;
a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the photoreceptor using the toner according to claim 1 to form a toner image;
a transfer unit that transfers the toner image formed on the photoreceptor to a recording medium; and
a fixing unit that fixes the toner image transferred to the recording medium.
9. A method of forming an image comprising:
charging a photoreceptor;
exposing the charged photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image;
developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the photoreceptor using the toner according to claim 1 to form a toner image;
transferring the toner image formed on the photoreceptor to a recording medium; and
fixing the toner image transferred to the recording medium.
10. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the binder resin comprises a crystalline polyester resin.
11. The toner according to claim 10 , wherein the content of crystalline polyester resin in the toner is greater than or equal to 3 wt. % and less than or equal to 20 wt. %.
12. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the metal crosslinking agent comprises magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, aluminum chloride, or magnesium sulfate.
13. The toner according to claim 12 , wherein the binder comprises an amorphous polyester resin.
14. The toner according to claim 13 , wherein the binder resin further comprises a crystalline polyester resin.
15. The toner according to claim 12 , wherein the binder resin contains a crystalline polyester resin.
16. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the binding resin comprises an amorphous polyester resin.
17. The toner according to claim 16 , wherein the binder resin further comprises a crystalline polyester resin.
18. The toner according to claim 16 , wherein the content of amorphous polyester resin in the toner is from 50 wt. % to 90 wt. %.
19. The toner according to claim 16 , wherein the amorphous polyester resin has an acid value of 30 to 40 mg/g.
20. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the binding resin comprises a crystalline resin and an amorphous resin.