Antimicrobial coatings
Described are coatings for medical devices and methods of forming same.
1 . A method of preparing an antimicrobial-coated catheter comprising:
forming a base coat by dissolving a mixture of tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, a monomer comprising a functional group amenable to further derivatization, an initiator and a solvent and polymerizing the mixture to form a base coat copolymer;
wherein the base coat copolymer is further modified to contain a plurality of reactive moieties; and
forming a top coat by dissolving at least one antimicrobial compound, a polymer, or a combination thereof;
wherein the top coat comprises a copolymer reaction product of a mixture comprising [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, an initiator and a solvent and polymerizing the mixture to form top coat copolymer; and
wherein the top coat comprises a decorated top coat formed from a reaction product of a mixture comprising the top coat copolymer reaction product and 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate;
applying the base coat to the catheter; and
applying the top coat to the catheter.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent comprises at least one of benzene, toluene, xylene, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, anisole, benzonitrile, chlorinated aromatic solvents, diisopropyl ether, diglyme, butanol, and combinations thereof.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein polymerizing is initiated by at least one of a reduction-oxidation, radiation, or heat.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein said initiator comprises azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or a water soluble AIBN derivative, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, ammonium persulfate, benzoyl peroxides, and combinations thereof including azobisisobutyronitriles.
5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein said initiator is present at about 0.25% to about 2% w/w of the mass of the monomers in solution.
6 . The method of claim 3 , wherein polymerizing is initiated by radiation, applied with infrared, ultraviolet or visible light.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said catheter comprises a urinary catheter.
8 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the water soluble AIBN derivative is 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, or 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid).
9 . The method of 1 , wherein said functional group comprises at least one of hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid groups.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the top coat comprises a top coat macromer formed from a reaction product of a mixture comprising the decorated top coat, benzophenone, and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the base coat comprises a copolymer of tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate and 4-hydroxybuyl acrylate.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the base coat comprises a reaction product of a mixture comprising the copolymer, benzophenone, and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said monomer comprising a functional group comprises hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate, 2-aminoethyl methacrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, beta-carboxyethyl acrylate, or a combination thereof.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said antimicrobial compound comprises an anti-microbial small molecule, protein, polysaccharide, glycosaminoglycan, or polymer derivatized with polymerizable groups.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein said antimicrobial compound comprises at least one of silver-containing polymers, antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, zwitterionic polymers, nitric oxide releasing polymers, enzymes, extremely hydrophilic polymers, and extremely hydrophobic polymers.
16 . The method of claim 1 wherein the top coat has a structure that is linear or branched.