Chelating agents for quantum dot precursor materials in color conversion layers for micro-LEDs
A photocurable composition includes quantum dots, quantum dot precursor materials, a chelating agent, one or more monomers, and a photoinitiator. The quantum dots are selected to emit radiation in a first wavelength band in the visible light range in response to absorption of radiation in a second wavelength band in the UV or visible light range. The second wavelength band is different than the first wavelength band. The quantum dot precursor materials include metal atoms or metal ions corresponding to metal components present in the quantum dots. The chelating agent is configured to chelate the quantum dot precursor materials. The photoinitiator initiates polymerization of the one or more monomers in response to absorption of radiation in the second wavelength band.
1. A light-emitting device comprising:
a plurality of light-emitting diodes; and
a cured composition in contact with a surface through which radiation in a first wavelength band in the UV or visible light range is emitted from each of the light-emitting diodes, wherein the cured composition includes
quantum dots selected to emit radiation in a second wavelength band in the visible light range in response to absorption of the radiation in the first wavelength band from each of the light-emitting diodes,
quantum dot precursor materials, wherein the quantum dot precursor materials comprise metal atoms or metal ions corresponding to metal components present in the quantum dots,
mono-thiol, di-thiol, thiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, thiocarbonate, or thiourea bound to the quantum dot precursor materials,
a photopolymer, and
components of a photoinitiator that initiated polymerization of the photopolymer.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the cured composition includes a mono-thiol selected from the group consisting of ethanethiol, propanethiols, butanethiols, pentanethiols, 1-hexadecanethiol, 2-ethylhexanethiol, 8-mercapto-1-octanol, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanethiol, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanethiol, 2-propene-1-thiol, thiophenols, dimercaptosuccinic acid, thioglycolic acid, thioacetic acid, glutathione, cysteine, mercaptoethanols, dithiothreitol/dithioerythritol, 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-mercaptoindole, furan-2-ylmethanethiol, 3-mercaptopropane-1,2-diol, 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, 1-hexadecanethiol, and pentachlorobenzenethiol.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the cured composition includes a di-thiol selected from the group consisting of 1-dithiols, 1,2-dithiols, and 1,3-dithiols, 1,2-benzene-dimethanethiol, 1,3-benzenedimethanethiol, 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol, 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol, ethylene glycol bis-mercaptoacetate, tetra(ethylene glycol) dithiol, hexa(ethylene glycol) dithiol, 2,2′-thiodiethanethiol, and 1,16-hexadecanedithiol.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the cured composition includes a thiocarbamate selected from the group consisting of R1R2N(C═S)OR3, where each of R1, R2, and R3 is independently H, benzyl, substituted phenyl groups, C1-C16 linear or branched aliphatic chains, ethylene oxide oligomers, propylene oxide oligomers, copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and dimethylsiloxane oligomers.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the cure composition includes a dithiocarbamate selected from the group consisting of R1R2N(C═S)SR3, where each of R1, R2 and R3 is independently H, benzyl, substituted phenyl groups, C1-C16 linear or branched aliphatic chains, ethylene oxide oligomers, propylene oxide oligomers, copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and dimethylsiloxane oligomers.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the cured composition includes a thiocarbonate selected from the group consisting of R1O(C═O)SR2, where each of R1 and R2 is independently H, benzyl, substituted phenyl groups, C1-C16 linear or branched aliphatic chains, ethylene oxide oligomers, propylene oxide oligomers, copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and dimethylsiloxane oligomers.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the cured composition includes a thiourea selected from the group consisting of R1R2N(C═S)NR3R 4 , where each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is independently H, benzyl, substituted phenyl groups, C1-C16 linear or branched aliphatic chains, ethylene oxide oligomers such as —(CH2CH2—O)n— with n=1˜50, propylene oxide oligomers such as —(CH2CH(CH3)—O)n— with n=1˜50, copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, or dimethylsiloxane oligomers.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the quantum dots comprise one or more III-V compounds.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein each of the quantum dots comprises one or more ligands coupled to an exterior surface of the quantum dot, wherein the ligands are selected from the group consisting of thioalkyl compounds and carboxyalkanes.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the cured composition is in a range of about 10 nm to about 100 microns.
11. A method of fabricating a light-emitting device, the method comprising:
ejecting a photocurable composition onto an array of micro-LEDs that are integrated with backplane circuitry, wherein the photocurable composition includes
quantum dots,
quantum dot precursor materials that comprise metal atoms or metal ions corresponding to metal components present in the quantum dots,
mono-thiol, di-thiol, thiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, thiocarbonate, or thiourea,
one or more monomers, and
a photoinitiator;
activating a plurality of micro-LEDs from the array of micro-LEDs to illuminate the photocurable composition over the plurality of micro-LEDs with light in a second wavelength band in the UV or visible light range that causes the photoinitiator to initiate polymerization of the one or more monomers and causes the quantum dots to emit light in a different first wavelength band in the visible light range; and
removing an uncured portion of the photocurable composition from the array of micro-LEDs.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the photocurable composition comprises:
about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the quantum dots;
about 0.0001 wt % to about 10 wt % of the mono-thiol, di-thiol, thiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, thiocarbonate, or thiourea;
about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the photoinitiator; and
about 1 wt % to about 90 wt % of the one or more monomers.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the photocurable composition comprises about 1 wt % to about 2 wt % of the quantum dots.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the photocurable composition further comprises a solvent.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the photocurable composition comprises:
about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the quantum dots;
about 0.0001 wt % to about 10 wt % of the mono-thiol, di-thiol, thiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, thiocarbonate, or thiourea;
about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt % of the photoinitiator;
about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of the one or more monomers; and
about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % of the solvent.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein a surface tension of the photocurable composition is in a range of about 20 mN/m to about 60 mN/m.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one or more monomers comprise (meth)acrylate monomers.
18. The method of claim 11 , comprising depositing the photocurable composition to a thickness of about 10 nm to about 100 microns.