Atomic layer deposition on optical structures
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to processing an optical workpiece containing grating structures on a substrate by deposition processes, such as atomic layer deposition (ALD). In one or more embodiments, a method for processing an optical workpiece includes positioning a substrate containing a first layer within a processing chamber, where the first layer contains grating structures separated by trenches formed in the first layer, and each of the grating structures has an initial critical dimension, and depositing a second layer on at least the sidewalls of the grating structures by ALD to produce corrected grating structures separated by the trenches, where each of the corrected grating structures has a corrected critical dimension greater than the initial critical dimension.
1. A method for processing an optical workpiece, comprising:
positioning a substrate containing a first layer comprising a carbide within a processing chamber, wherein the first layer comprises grating structures separated by trenches formed in the first layer, wherein the grating structures comprise a first group of the grating structures having a desired critical dimension and a second group of the grating structures having an initial critical dimension, and wherein the desired critical dimension is greater than the initial critical dimension;
applying a mask on the first layer, wherein the mask covers the first group of the grating structures and leaves exposed the second group of the grating structures; and
depositing a second layer on the mask and at least the sidewalls of the second group of the grating structures by vapor deposition to produce corrected grating structures separated by the trenches in the second group, wherein each of the corrected grating structures has a corrected critical dimension greater than the initial critical dimension.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vapor deposition is atomic layer deposition.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbide further comprises silicon.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbide comprises silicon oxycarbide.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein an average thickness of the corrected grating structures is about 5% to about 200% greater than an average thickness of the grating structures, and wherein the corrected grating structures have an average thickness of about 50 nm to about 400 nm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first layer has a first refractive index, the second layer has a second refractive index, and a difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is about +/−0.001 to about +/−0.1, and wherein each of the first refractive index and the second refractive index is independently about 1.05 to about 4.50.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing the second layer on the top surfaces of the grating structures by the vapor deposition while depositing the second layer on the sidewalls, and wherein the second layer has a thickness of about 5 nm to about 100 nm.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the trenches are positioned at an angle of about 15° to about 75° with respect to the top surface of the first layer.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising
removing the second layer deposited on the mask and removing the mask from the first layer, wherein the first group of the grating structures is exposed and the second group of the grating structures contains the second layer deposited thereon.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first layer further comprises amorphous silicon, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, dopants thereof, or any combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second layer comprises amorphous silicon, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, aluminum oxide, dopants thereof, or any combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second layer comprises silicon carbide.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises silicon carbide.
14. A method for processing an optical workpiece, comprising:
applying a mask on a first layer comprising a carbide disposed on a substrate, wherein the first layer comprises grating structures separated by trenches formed in the first layer, wherein the grating structures comprise a first group of the grating structures having a desired critical dimension and a second group of the grating structures having an initial critical dimension, wherein the desired critical dimension is greater than the initial critical dimension, and wherein the mask covers the first group of the grating structures and leaves exposed the second group of the grating structures;
positioning the substrate containing the mask disposed on the first layer within a processing chamber;
depositing a second layer on the mask and the second group of the grating structures to produce corrected grating structures separated by the trenches, wherein the corrected grating structures have a corrected critical dimension greater than the initial critical dimension; and
removing the second layer deposited on the mask and removing the mask from the first layer, wherein the first group of the grating structures and the corrected grating structures are exposed.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the carbide further comprises silicon.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the second layer comprises silicon carbide.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the substrate comprises silicon carbide.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the corrected critical dimension of the corrected grating structures is +/−10% of the desired critical dimension of the first group of the grating structures, and wherein an average thickness of the corrected grating structures is about 5% to about 200% greater than an average thickness of the grating structures of the second group.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the first layer has a first refractive index, the second layer has a second refractive index, and a difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is about +/−0.001 to about +/−0.1.
20. A method for processing an optical workpiece, comprising:
positioning a substrate containing a first layer having a first refractive index within a processing chamber, wherein the first layer comprises grating structures separated by trenches formed in the first layer, wherein the grating structures comprise a first group of the grating structures having a desired critical dimension and a second group of the grating structures having an initial critical dimension, wherein the desired critical dimension is greater than the initial critical dimension, and wherein the first layer comprises silicon and carbon;
applying a mask on the first layer, wherein the mask covers the first group of the grating structures and leaves exposed the second group of the grating structures;
depositing a second layer having a second refractive index, wherein the second layer is deposited on the mask and to completely fill the trenches of the second group and cover the grating structures of the second group, wherein the second layer comprises amorphous silicon, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, aluminum oxide, dopants thereof, or any combination thereof, and wherein a difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is about +/−0.001 to about +/−0.1; and
removing the second layer deposited on the mask and removing the mask from the first layer, wherein the first group of the grating structures is exposed and the second group of the grating structures contains the second layer deposited thereon.