Organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent and phosphorescent emitters
A light emitting device includes a first electrode, a hole transporting layer in contact with the first electrode, a second electrode, an electron transporting layer in contact with the second electrode; and an emissive layer between the hole transporting layer and the electron transporting layer. The emissive layer includes a phosphorescent emitter, a fluorescent emitter, and a host, and the phosphorescent emitter harvests electrogenerated excitons and transfers energy to the fluorescent emitter.
1 . A light emitting device comprising, sequentially:
a first electrode;
a hole transporting layer;
an emissive layer;
an electron transporting layer; and
a second electrode;
wherein the emissive layer comprises a phosphorescent material, a fluorescent emitter, and a host, wherein the phosphorescent material harvests electrogenerated excitons and transfers energy to the fluorescent emitter;
wherein the phosphorescent material comprises a luminophore comprising a six-membered chelation ring;
wherein the fluorescent emitter comprises a boron atom, wherein the boron atom is comprised within a 6 membered heterocyclic ring and the 6 membered heterocyclic ring is optionally part of a fused ring system containing 3 or more rings; and
wherein the fluorescent emitter is not represented by the following structure
wherein each of R 11 , R 21 , and R 31 is independently hydrogen or alkyl.
2 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorescent material comprises a carbazole.
3 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorescent material comprises at least two six-membered chelation rings.
4 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the phosphorescent material is a platinum complex.
5 . A light emitting device comprising, sequentially: a first electrode; a hole transporting layer; an emissive layer; an electron transporting layer; and a second electrode; wherein the emissive layer comprises a phosphorescent material, a fluorescent emitter, and a host, wherein the phosphorescent material harvests electrogenerated excitons and transfers energy to the fluorescent emitter; wherein the phosphorescent material is a tetradentate platinum complex; and wherein the fluorescent emitter comprises a boron atom, wherein the boron atom is comprised within a 6 membered heterocyclic ring and the 6 membered heterocyclic ring is optionally part of a fused ring system containing 3 or more rings: and wherein the fluorescent emitter is not represented by the following structure
wherein each of R 1l R 1l , and R 3l is independently hydrogen or alkyl.
6 . The light emitting device of claim 5 , wherein the phosphorescent material comprises a compound of General Formula I:
wherein:
each of Y 1a , Y 1b , and Y 1c is independently O, NR 3 , CR 3 R 4 , S, AsR 3 , BR 3 , PR 3 , P(O)R 3 , or SiR 3 R 4 , wherein each of R 3 and R 4 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclic group, amino, alkoxy, haloalkyl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or R 3 and R 4 together form C═O, wherein each of R 3 and R 4 is independently optionally linked to an adjacent ring structure, thereby forming a cyclic structure;
each of Y 2a , Y 2b , Y 2c , and Y 2d is independently N, C, NR 5 , or CR 6 , wherein each R 5 and R 6 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclic group, amino, alkoxy, haloalkyl, arylalkyl, or arylalkenyl;
each of Y 3a , Y 3d , Y 4a , Y 4b , and Y 4d is independently N, C, O, S, NR 7 , CR 8 , wherein each R 7 and R 8 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclic group, aminoalkoxy, haloalkyl, arylalkyl, or arylalkenyl; or Z (R 9 ) 2 , wherein Z is C or Si, and wherein each R 9 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclic group, amino, alkoxy, haloalkyl, arylalkyl, or arylalkenyl;
each of Y 3b , Y 3c , and Y 4c is independently N, O, S, NR 7 , CR 8 , wherein each R 7 and R 8 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclic group, aminoalkoxy, haloalkyl, arylalkyl, or arylalkenyl; or Z(R 9 ) 2 , wherein Z is C or Si, and wherein each R 9 is independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclic group, amino, alkoxy, haloalkyl, arylalkyl, or arylalkenyl;
each of m and n is independently 1 or 2; and
each independently represents partial or full unsaturation of the ring with which it is associated.
7 . The light emitting device of claim 6 , wherein at least one of Y lb and Y lc is independently NR 3 , CR 3 R 4 , S, AsR 3 , BR 3 , PR 3 , P(O)R 3 , or SiR 3 R 4 , wherein R 3 is covalently linked to at least one of Y 2a , Y 2d , Y 3d , and Y 4d , thereby forming a cyclic structure.
8 . The light emitting device of claim 6 , wherein m is 2.
9 . The light emitting device of claim 5 , wherein the wherein the phosphorescent material comprises a pyridine.
10 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent emitter has a structure selected from the group consisting of:
wherein each of R 11 , R 21 , R 31 , R 41 and R 51 is independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfinyl, mercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino; substituted or unsubstituted: aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, monoarylamino, diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl. aralkyl, ester. alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino, aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl, carbamoyl, alkylthio, ureido, phosphoramide, silyl, polymeric, or any conjugate or combination thereof.
11 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent emitter comprises a fused ring system containing 5 or more rings.
12 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent emitter comprises the following structure:
wherein each of R 1l , R 2l , and R 3l is independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, hydroxyl, thiol, nitro, cyano, nitrile, isonitrile, sulfinyl, mercapto, sulfo, carboxyl, hydrazino; substituted or unsubstituted: aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, monoarylamino, diarylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, haloalkyl, aralkyl, ester, alkoxycarbonyl, acylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino aryloxycarbonylamino, sulfonylamino, sulfamoyl. carbamoyl, alkylthio, ureido, phosphoramide, silyl, polymeric, or any conjugate or combination thereof.