IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,523,717
Granted Patent B2
US 12,523,717 · App. 18/442,537 · Granted Jan 13, 2026

Closed loop magnetic field sensor with current control

Inventor: Pablo Castro Lisboa (Montevideo, UY)
Assignee: Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
G01R33/0041G01R15/20G01R33/07G01R33/09
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,523,717
App. No.
18/442,537
Granted
Jan 13, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

Method and apparatus for a closed loop CAPS magnetic field sensor having an emitter coil current that corresponds to a distance from a target. An emitter coil drive circuit outputs an emitter current to an emitter coil for generating an emitter field and a reference coil drive circuit outputs a reference current to a reference coil for generating a reference field. The combined fields generate an applied field and a magnetic field sensing element generates an electric signal. The sensor has a closed loop configuration with a feedback path that includes the emitter coil drive circuit and the emitter coil and is configured to modify an amplitude of the emitter current signal based on a distance from the target to the magnetic field sensing element.

Claims (140)

1 . A magnetic field sensor, comprising:

an emitter coil drive circuit for outputting an emitter current to an emitter coil for generating an emitter field;

a reference coil drive circuit for outputting a reference current to a reference coil for generating a reference field;

a combiner to combine a reflected field generated by a target in response to the emitter field and the reference field and output an applied field;

a magnetic field sensing element to receive the applied field and generate an electric signal;

an amplifier to amplify the electric signal, wherein an output of the amplifier is coupled to the emitter coil drive circuit;

a transconductance module to generate an output current from the electric signal;

wherein the sensor comprises a closed loop configuration with a feedback path that includes the emitter coil drive circuit and the emitter coil and is configured to modify an amplitude of the emitter current signal based on a distance from the target to the magnetic field sensing element.

2 . The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the applied field comprises a signal at carrier frequency.

3 . The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the output signal from the magnetic field sensing element is demodulated to a baseband frequency and input to the amplifier.

4 . The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the distance d is determined as

d

=

K

EC

-

1

(

I

RC

·

K

RC

I

O

·

K

)

where Io is the output current from the transconductance module,

I RC is the reference current

K EC (d)

[G/A]

Ratio between the emitting coil current IEC and

the reflected magnetic field BR

K FC , K RC

[G/A]

Feedback and reference coils sensitivity

K

[A/A]

Transconductances ratio.

5 . The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the emitter current is determined as:

I

EC

=

I

RC

·

K

RC

·

1

K

EC

(

d

)

where I RC is the reference current, and

K EC (d)

[G/A]

Ratio between the emitting coil current I EC and

the reflected magnetic field BR

K FC , K RC

[G/A]

Feedback and reference coils sensitivity.

6 . The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic field sensing element comprises a magnetoresistance (MR) element.

7 . The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic field sensing element comprises a Hall element.

8 . A method, comprising:

outputting an emitter current to an emitter coil for generating an emitter field;

outputting a reference current to a reference coil for generating a reference field;

combining a reflected field generated by a target in response to the emitter field and the reference field and output an applied field;

receiving the applied field and generating an electric signal by a magnetic field sensing element in a magnetic field sensor;

amplifying the electric signal with an amplifier, wherein an output of the amplifier is coupled to an emitter coil drive circuit for generating the emitter current; and

generating an output current from the electric signal;

wherein the sensor comprises a closed loop configuration with a feedback path that includes the emitter coil drive circuit and the emitter coil and is configured to modify an amplitude of the emitter current signal based on a distance from the target to the magnetic field sensing element.

9 . The method according to claim 8 , wherein the applied field comprises a signal at carrier frequency.

10 . The method according to claim 8 , wherein the output signal from the magnetic field sensing element is demodulated to a baseband frequency and input to the amplifier.

11 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the distance d is determined as

d

=

K

EC

-

1

(

I

RC

·

K

RC

I

O

·

K

)

where Io is the output current from the transconductance module,

I RC is the reference current,

K EC (d)

[G/A]

Ratio between the emitting coil current IEC and

the reflected magnetic field BR

K FC , K RC

[G/A]

Feedback and reference coils sensitivity

K

[A/A]

Transconductances ratio.

12 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the emitter current is determined as:

I

EC

=

I

RC

·

K

RC

·

1

K

EC

(

d

)

where I RC is the reference current, and

K EC (d)

[G/A]

Ratio between the emitting coil current I EC and

the reflected magnetic field BR

K FC , K RC

[G/A]

Feedback and reference coils sensitivity.

13 . The method according to claim 8 , wherein the magnetic field sensing element comprises a magnetoresistance (MR) element.

14 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic field sensing element comprises a Hall element.

15 . A magnetic field sensor, comprising:

an emitter coil drive circuit for outputting an emitter current to an emitter coil for generating an emitter field;

a reference coil drive circuit for outputting a reference current to a reference coil for generating a reference field;

a combiner to combine a reflected field generated by a target in response to the emitter field and the reference field and output an applied field;

a magnetic field sensing element to receive the applied field and generate an electric signal;

an amplifier to amplify the electric signal, wherein an output of the amplifier is coupled to the emitter coil drive circuit;

a transconductance module to generate an output current from the electric signal; and

a means for providing a closed loop feedback.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Feb 16, 2024
From: LISBOA, PABLO CASTRO; ALLEGRO MICROSYSTEMS ARGENTINA S.A.
To: ALLEGRO MICROSYSTEMS, LLC
Reel/Frame 066474/0265 →
Continuity (1)
Related Publication 20250264554A1 · Aug 21, 2025
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