IP Library Granted Patent US 12,588,321
Granted Patent B2
US 12,588,321 · App. 17/661,854 · Granted Mar 24, 2026

Metal oxide semiconductor-based light emitting device

Inventor: Petar Atanackovic (Henley Beach South, AU)
Assignee: Silanna UV Technologies Pte Ltd
H10H20/822H01L21/2011H10H20/01H10H20/81H10H20/812H10H20/815H10H20/818H10H20/8513H10H20/811
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,588,321
App. No.
17/661,854
Granted
Mar 24, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

In some embodiments, an optoelectronic semiconductor light emitting device includes: a substrate; and a plurality of epitaxial semiconductor layers disposed on the substrate. Each of the epitaxial semiconductor layers can comprise an epitaxial oxide. At least one of the epitaxial semiconductor layers can comprise an optically emissive material of direct bandgap type. At least one of the epitaxial semiconductor layers can comprise (Al x1 Ga 1−x1 ) 2 O 3 wherein 0≤x1≤1. The plurality of epitaxial semiconductor layers can comprise: first region comprising a first conductivity type; a second region comprising a not-intentionally doped (NID) intrinsic region; and a third region comprising a second conductivity type. The substrate and the plurality of epitaxial semiconductor layers can be a substantially single crystal epitaxially formed device. The optoelectronic semiconductor light emitting device can be configured to emit light having a wavelength in a range from 150 nm to 425 nm.

Claims (19)

1 . An optoelectronic semiconductor device for generating light of a predetermined wavelength comprising:

a substrate;

a first, a second and a third epitaxial oxide layer supported by the substrate, wherein at least one of the first, second and third epitaxial oxide layers comprises (Al x1 Ga 1−x1 ) 2 O 3 , wherein 0≤x1≤1, wherein the (Al x1 Ga 1−x1 ) 2 O 3 comprises a cubic, hexagonal, orthorhombic, trigonal, or rhombic crystal symmetry;

an optical emission region having an optical emission region band structure configured for generating the light of the predetermined wavelength, the optical emission region comprising the first epitaxial oxide layer supported by the substrate, wherein the first epitaxial oxide layer has an optical emission region band gap energy capable of generating the light of the predetermined wavelength, wherein the first epitaxial oxide layer is of direct bandgap type;

a first conductivity type region having the second epitaxial oxide layer, the first conductivity type region having a first conductivity type region band structure configured to operate in combination with the optical emission region to generate the light of the predetermined wavelength; and

a second conductivity type region having the third epitaxial oxide layer, the second conductivity type region having a second conductivity type region band structure configured to operate in combination with the optical emission region and the first conductivity type region to generate the light of the predetermined wavelength,

wherein the optical emission region is between the first conductivity type region and the second conductivity type region,

wherein the substrate, the first conductivity type region, the second conductivity type region, and the optical emission region are a substantially single crystal epitaxially formed device.

2 . The optoelectronic semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the first, second or third epitaxial oxide layer comprises a superlattice comprising two or more layers of epitaxial oxides forming a unit cell and repeating with a fixed unit cell period along a growth direction.

3 . The optoelectronic semiconductor device of claim 2 , wherein respective individual layers forming the unit cell of the superlattice each have a thickness less than or approximately equal to an electron de Broglie wavelength in that respective individual layer.

4 . The optoelectronic semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the optical emission region band structure comprises a predetermined strain introduced to the first epitaxial oxide layer.

5 . The optoelectronic semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductivity type region band structure has a first conductivity type region energy band gap greater than the optical emission region band gap energy.

6 . The optoelectronic semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the second epitaxial oxide layer of the first conductivity type region comprises a superlattice.

7 . The optoelectronic semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the second conductivity type region band structure has a second conductivity type region energy band gap greater than the optical emission region band gap energy.

8 . The optoelectronic semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is selected from Al 2 O 3 , MgO, LiF, MgAl 2 O 4 and SiC.

9 . The optoelectronic semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is formed from a metal fluoride.

10 . The optoelectronic semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises Ga 2 O 3 .

11 . The optoelectronic semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises AlGaO 3 .

12 . The optoelectronic semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined wavelength is in a wavelength range of 150 nm-280 nm.

Assignments (2)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 3, 2022
From: ATANACKOVIC, PETAR
To: SILANNA SEMICONDUCTOR PTY LTD
Reel/Frame 059802/0221 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 3, 2022
From: SILANNA SEMICONDUCTOR PTY LTD
To: SILANNA UV TECHNOLOGIES PTE LTD
Reel/Frame 059802/0227 →
Priority Claims (1)
AU 2020901513 · May 11, 2020 · national
Continuity (2)
Continuation 16990349 · Aug 11, 2020
Related Publication 20220271197A1 · Aug 25, 2022
References Cited (315)
US 4421479A · Muka et al. · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4433233A · Hierholzer, Jr. et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 5175592A · Watson · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5438233A · Boland et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5450812A · McKee et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5625202A · Chai · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5872502A · Fujikata et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5879811A · Tanaka et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6146550A · Boulch et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6236076B1 · Arita et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6255201B1 · Yoshida et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6492191B2 · Shibata et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6914268B2 · Shei et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6977397B2 · Ichinose et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7359415B1 · Alfano et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7393411B2 · Ichinose et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7727865B2 · Ichinose et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7734439B2 · Timans · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7824955B2 · White et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 8617965B1 · Quick et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 9105473B2 · Ueda et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9246311B1 · Raring et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9412911B2 · Atanackovic · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9476862B2 · Motayed et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9548678B2 · Schuh et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9666677B1 · Raring et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9691938B2 · Atanackovic et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9960262B2 · Schultz et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10475956B2 · Atanackovic · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10636916B2 · Shih et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11164976B2 · Ramamoorthy et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11175447B1 · Pynn et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11342484B2 · Atanackovic · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 11456361B1 · Atanackovic · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11462400B1 · Atanackovic · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11489090B1 · Atanackovic · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11502223B1 · Atanackovic · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11522087B1 · Atanackovic · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11522103B1 · Atanackovic · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11621329B1 · Atanackovic · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11855152B2 · Atanackovic · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 12087880B2 · Atanackovic · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12095006B2 · Atanackovic · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20010011743A1 · Arita et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020025594A1 · Iwata et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020189534A1 · Tang et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030236642A1 · Timans · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040048068A1 · Yano et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040079285A1 · Li et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040087118A1 · Maegawa et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040095978A1 · Cheng et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040113156A1 · Tamura et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050122005A1 · Higuchi et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050223983A1 · Selvamanickam et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060049424A1 · Wu et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060150891A1 · Ichinose et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060220029A1 · Shikazi · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070004226A1 · Tweet et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070166967A1 · Ichinose et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080008964A1 · Chan et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080033300A1 · Hoang et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080061297A1 · Lin et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080083905A1 · Alfano et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080230779A1 · Goyal · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080233671A1 · Chou et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080302653A1 · Trassl et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090095907A1 · Harding et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090137099A1 · Schonherr et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100025677A1 · Yamazaki et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100074604A1 · Koelmel et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100078626A1 · Orita et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100117118A1 · Dabiran et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100140642A1 · Arai et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110046916A1 · Yu et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110062440A1 · Adekore et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120024222A1 · Svensson · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120045661A1 · Kumaran et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120091548A1 · Sukegawa et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120112158A1 · Chyan et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120161609A1 · Ono et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120231558A1 · Timans · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120234238A1 · Hsu et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120244684A1 · Suzuki et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120280224A1 · Doolittle et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120306834A1 · Ueda et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130233240A1 · Cody et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130240874A1 · Maekawa et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140061486A1 · Bao et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140084288A1 · Saito et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140091302A1 · Chou et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140231745A1 · Northrup et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140331919A1 · Sasaki · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150001467A1 · Cho et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150171173A1 · Umeda et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150171222A1 · Sasagawa et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150179445A1 · Sasaki et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150369728A1 · Bahatt et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160149074A1 · Atanackovic et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160149075A1 · Atanackovic · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160163920A1 · Atanackovic · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170258268A1 · Kazanas et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170263809A1 · Atanackovic · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170263813A1 · Atanackovic et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170287710A1 · Choi et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170288024A1 · Reznicek · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170309779A1 · Atanackovic · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170316963A1 · Parkhe · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180066940A1 · Sopori et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180122985A1 · Atanackovic et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180315886A1 · Gaevski et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190028081A1 · Pelzel et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190051794A1 · Atanackovic et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190088817A1 · Atanackovic · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190245130A1 · Jha et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190280098A1 · Ueda et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190329542A1 · Wang et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200075799A1 · Atanackovic et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200075809A1 · Rajan et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200083332A1 · Lee et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200168454A1 · Dargis et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200194560A1 · Takizawa et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200328164A1 · Delacruz et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200328165A1 · Delacruz et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200411648A1 · Yamazaki · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210013374A1 · Iida et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210036183A1 · Krause et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210050474A1 · Krause · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210074541A1 · Atanackovic · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210126091A1 · Chang et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210140069A1 · Shrekenhamer et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210273415A1 · McLaurin et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210351321A1 · Atanackovic · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210388526A1 · Zhao et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220115544A1 · Miyake · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220199858A1 · Atanackovic · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20220199859A1 · Atanackovic · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20220271197A1 · Atanackovic · 2022 [cited by examiner]
US 20230045518A1 · Char et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230143766A1 · Atanackovic · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230420617A1 · Iza et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20240055560A1 · Atanackovic · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20240072206A1 · Atanackovic · 2024 [cited by examiner]
US 20240072207A1 · Atanackovic · 2024 [cited by examiner]
US 20240339567A1 · Atanackovic · 2024 [cited by examiner]
US 20250089405A1 · Atanackovic · 2025 [cited by applicant]
CN 105830237A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 108376716A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN 111048636A · 2020 [cited by applicant]
EP 1081256B1 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
JP S63188940A · 1988 [cited by applicant]
JP 2003037290A · 2003 [cited by applicant]
JP 3531865B2 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
JP 2004179365A · 2004 [cited by applicant]
JP 2005235961A1 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
JP 2008528429A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
JP 2008211197A · 2008 [cited by applicant]
JP 2009027100A · 2009 [cited by applicant]
JP 4465461B2 · 2010 [cited by applicant]
JP 2011520247A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
JP 2017005148A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
JP 2017050058A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
JP 2019033142A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
JP 2019151922A · 2019 [cited by applicant]
JP 2021518671A · 2021 [cited by applicant]
JP 2021525967A · 2021 [cited by applicant]
JP 2022090796A · 2022 [cited by applicant]
KR 1020060024421A · 2006 [cited by applicant]
KR 1020170010372A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
TW 201144227A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
TW 201603265A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2004074556A · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO 2004074556A2 · 2004 [cited by applicant]
WO 2009152207A2 · 2009 [cited by applicant]
WO 2011090963A2 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
WO 2016052929A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO 2017165197A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO 2018043503A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO 2019155444A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO 2022094222A · 2022 [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Aug. 9, 2022 for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/IB2021/060414. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Aug. 9, 2022 for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/IB2021/060466. [cited by applicant]
Mengmeng Shang et al., ‘(Zn, Mg)2GeO4:Mn2+ submicrorods as promising green phosphors forfield emission displays: hydrothermal synthesis and luminescence properties’, Dalton Trans., 2011, 40,9379-9387, Aug. 4, 2011, abst… [cited by applicant]
Peng Lingling et al., ‘Enhanced Photoluminescence and Thermal Properties of Size Mismatch inMg2TixGe1-xO4: Mn4+ Deep-Red Phosphors’, Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Issue 8, Jan. 28, 2019, abstract; and p. 2. (https:/… [cited by applicant]
St. Senz et al., ‘The effect of stress on cubic-to-tetragonal phase transitions in Mg2TiO4 and Mg2GeO4spinel films’, Philosophical Magazine A, 2001, vol. 81, No. 1, 109-124, Aug. 5, 2009, abstract; pp. 110-111; and figu… [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Feb. 4, 2025 for Japan Patent Application No. 2022-568603. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Dec. 20, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/658,515. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Feb. 1, 2023 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/661,389. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Feb. 15, 2023 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/653,832. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Dec. 22, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/653,832. [cited by applicant]
English Translation of JP 2008-211197 (Year: 2008). [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Dec. 12, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/167,349. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Feb. 5, 2025 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/423,986. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Jan. 13, 2025 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/175,363. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Nov. 29, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/497,137. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Dec. 4, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/654,223. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Feb. 14, 2025 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/654,221. [cited by applicant]
Elaheh Ahmadi et al., ‘Schottky barrier height of Ni to β-(AlxGa1-x)2O3 with different compositions grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy’, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 32 (2017) 035004 (5pp), Jan. 30, 2017 pp. 1-5… [cited by applicant]
Ildikó Cora et al., ‘The real structure of ε-Ga2O3 and its relation to κ-phase’, CrystEngComm, 2017, 19, 1509-1516, Feb. 17, 2017 p. 1512. (https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/ce/c7ce00123a). [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Aug. 9, 2022 for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/IB2021/060413. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Jul. 18, 2022 for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/IB2021/059945. [cited by applicant]
Bhuiyan et al., “MOCVD epitaxy of b-(AlxGa 1-x)2O3 thin films on (010) Ga2O3 substrates and N-type doping,” Applied Physics Letters 115 (2019) 120602. [cited by applicant]
Bhuiyan et al., “MOCVD Epitaxy of Ultrawide Bandgap f3 (AlxGa1-x)2O3 with High-Al Composition on (100) f3 Ga2O3 Substrates,” Crystal Growth & Design 20 (2020) pp. 6722-6730. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Aug. 17, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/651,713. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Jul. 1, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/651,712. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Jul. 13, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/653,824. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Jun. 15, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/658,501. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jul. 22, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/653,828. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jul. 25, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/658,506. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jul. 26, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/651,713. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jun. 13, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/658,510. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jun. 22, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/651,713. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jun. 24, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/652,028. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jun. 6, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/651,712. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jun. 9, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/652,031. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jun. 9, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/653,824. [cited by applicant]
Petricevic et al. “Room-temperature near-infrared tunable laser operation of Cr4+:Ca2GeO4”, Optics Letters vol. 21, Issue 21, pp. 1750-1752 (1996), Optica Publishing (Year: 1996). [cited by applicant]
Ranga et al., “MOVPE-grown Si-doped f3-(Al0.26Ga0.74)2O3 thin films and heterostructures,” Template for APEX (2014). [cited by applicant]
Shuo-Huang Yuan et al 2018 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57 070301 (Year: 2018). [cited by applicant]
Vaidya et al., “Enhancement Mode f3-(AlxGa1-x)2O3/Ga2O3 Heterostructure FET (HFET) With High Transconductance and Cutoff Frequency,” IEEE Electron Device Letters 42 (2021) pp. 1444-1447. [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., Tight-binding band structure of β- and α-phase Ga2O3 and Al2O3, Journal of Applied Physics, 131, 175702 (2022), May 2022, 13 pages. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Aug. 22, 2023 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/651,711. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jul. 13, 2023 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/175,363. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Sep. 20, 2023 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/658,510. [cited by applicant]
Advisory Action dated Feb. 28, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/175,363. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Apr. 10, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/664,577. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Mar. 25, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/652,019. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Mar. 28, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/664,569. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated May 8, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/167,349. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated May 8, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/167,365. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Apr. 13, 2023 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/651,711. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Apr. 21, 2023 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/658,510. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated May 11, 2023 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/175,363. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jun. 3, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/496,764. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Jul. 19, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/480,323. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated May 22, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/664,569. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Aug. 1, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/497,137. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Aug. 2, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/167,349. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jun. 14, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/480,334. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Feb. 24, 2025 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/629,606. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Aug. 23, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/167,365. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Oct. 2, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/496,764. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Sep. 18, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/480,334. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Aug. 29, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/175,363. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Sep. 30, 2024 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/654,221. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Aug. 25, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/652,028. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Aug. 25, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/658,506. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Oct. 28, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/653,828. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Sep. 21, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/652,031. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Sep. 1, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/658,515. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Sep. 2, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/653,832. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Sep. 21, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/658,510. [cited by applicant]
Anhar Uddin Bhuiyan et al., MOCVD epitaxy of β-(AlxGa1-x)2O3 thin films on (010) Ga2O3 substrates and N-type doping, Appl. Phys. Lett. 115, Sep. 2019, pp. 120602-1-120602-5. [cited by applicant]
Anhar Uddin Bhuiyan et al., Phase transformation in MOCVD growth of (AlxGa1-x)2O3 thin films, APL Mater. 8, 031104 (2020)—Published Online: Mar. 2, 2020. [cited by applicant]
Bosi et al., Ga2O3 polymorphs: tailoring the epitaxial growth conditions, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2020, 8, 10975, Jul. 2020. [cited by applicant]
Cheng et al., Phase formation and strain relaxation of Ga2O3 on c-plane and a-plane sapphire substrates as studied by synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction, Applied Physics Letters 111, 162104, Oct. 2017. [cited by applicant]
Dang et al., α-(AlxGa1-x)2O3 single-layer and heterostructure buffers for the growth of conductive Sn-doped α-Ga2O3 thin films via mist chemical vapor deposition, APL Mater. 8, 101101 (2020)—Published Online: Oct. 1, 20… [cited by applicant]
Hilfiker et al., Dielectric function tensor (1.5 eV to 9.0 eV), anisotropy, and band to band transitions of monoclinic β-(Al x Ga 1-x ) 2 O 3 ( x ≤ 0.21) films, Applied Physics Letters 114(23):231901, Jun. 2019. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Aug. 6, 2021 for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/IB2021/053652. [cited by applicant]
Jiao et al., The Structural and Photoelectrical Properties of Gallium Oxide Thin Film Grown by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering, ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 8 (7) Q3086-Q3090 (Year: 2019). [cited by applicant]
Kato et al., Fabrication of coherent γ-Al2O3/Ga2O3 superlattices on MgAl2O4 substrates, Appl. Phys. Express 12 065503, May 2019. [cited by applicant]
Kaun et al., β-(AlxGa1-x)2O3/Ga2O3 (010) heterostructures grown on β-Ga2O3 (010) substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Vacuum Surfaces and Films 33(4):041508 Jul.… [cited by applicant]
Kim et al., “In-situ angle-resolved photo emission spectroscopy of copper-oxide thin films synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy” (2018), 2018, 17 pgs, Elsevier. [cited by applicant]
Kneiss et al., Growth, structural and optical properties of coherent κ-(AlxGa1-x )2O3/κ-Ga2O3 quantum well superlattice heterostructures, APL Mater. 8, 051112 (2020).—Published Online: May 19, 2020. [cited by applicant]
Krueger et al., Variation of Band Gap and Lattice Parameters of B-(AlxGa1-x)2O3 Powder Produced by Solution, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 99 [7], pp. 2467-2473. (Year: 2016). [cited by applicant]
Lee et al., “In situ surface/interface x-ray diffractometer for oxide molecular beam epitaxy”, Review of Scientific Instruments 87, 013901 (2016), 19 pgs, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4939100. [cited by applicant]
Lin and Lee, Ga2O3-based solar-blind deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, Journal of Luminescence vol. 224, 2020 117326, Apr. 2020, 4 pages. [cited by applicant]
Masataka Higashiwaki, Shizuo Fujita, Gallium Oxide: Materials Properties, Crystal Growth, and Devices, Springer International Publishing, Apr. 25, 2021—Technology & Engineering—764 pages, Section 8.4.1 B-(AlxGa1-x)2O3/B… [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Apr. 8, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 16/990,349. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Aug. 27, 2021 for U.S. Appl. No. 16/990,349. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Feb. 18, 2022 for U.S. Appl. No. 16/990,349. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Oct. 20, 2020 for U.S. Appl. No. 16/990,349. [cited by applicant]
Oshima et al., Epitaxial growth of γ-(AlxGa1-x)O3 alloy films for band-gap engineering, Appl. Phys. Express 10 051104, Apr. 2017. [cited by applicant]
Oshima et al., α-Al2O3/Ga2O3 superlattices coherently grown on r-plane sapphire, Applied Physics Express, 11, 065501, Apr. 2018. [cited by applicant]
Oshima, Coherent gamma-Al2O3/Ga2O3 superlattices grown on MgAl2O4, (Conference Presentation), Proceedings vol. 10919, Oxide-based Materials and Devices X; 109190G (2019), Event: SPIE OPTO, Mar. 2019, San Francisco, Cali… [cited by applicant]
Pearton et al., A review of Ga2O3 materials, and devices, Applied Physics Reviews, 5, 011301 (Year: 2018). [cited by applicant]
Peelaers and Van De Walle, Brillouin zone and band structure of β-Ga2O3, Phys. Status Solidi B 252, No. 4, 828-832, Jan. 2015. [cited by applicant]
Piquette et al., “Effect of Buffer Layer and III/V Ratio on the Surface Morphology of GaN Grown by MBE”, MRS Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. 4S1, G3.77(1999), Pasadena, CA. [cited by applicant]
Swallow et al., Indium Gallium Oxide Alloys: Electronic Structure, Optical Gap, Surface Space Charge, and Chemical Trends within Common-Cation Semiconductors, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 2807-2819 (Year: 2021). [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., Band gap and band offset of Ga2O3 and (AlxGa1-x)2O3 alloys, arXiv: 1806.03360v2 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] Jul. 31, 2018 ( Year: 2018). [cited by applicant]
Wang et al., Band gap and band offset of Ga2O3 and (AlxGa1-x)2O3 alloys, Physical Review Applied 10, 011003-1 (Year: 2018). [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., Recent progress on the electronic structure, defect, and doping properties of Ga2O3, APL Mater. 8, 020906 (2020)—Published Online: Feb. 21, 2020. [cited by applicant]
European Search Report dated May 22, 2024 for European Patent Office Patent Application No. 21803849.5. [cited by applicant]
Ahmet Taser et al., Tuning PL emission energy and bandgap with Ni dopant of MgO thin films, Ceramics International, vol. 47, pp. 15792˜15800 (Mar. 2, 2021). [cited by applicant]
European Search Report dated Aug. 26, 2025 for European Patent Office Patent Application No. 21963906.9. [cited by applicant]
European Search Report dated Jul. 21, 2025 for European Patent Office Patent Application No. 21963901.0. [cited by applicant]
European Search Report dated Sep. 1, 2025 for European Patent Office Patent Application No. 21963900.2. [cited by applicant]
Gousiya B. Kadri et al., Influence of Li+ co-doping on the luminescence of MgO:Eu3φ nanocrystals: Probing asymmetry, energy transfer and defects, Solid State Sciences, vol. 105, 106286, pp. 1˜8 (May 13, 2020). [cited by applicant]
Guodong Liu et al., An investigation of the electronic properties of MgO doped with group III, IV, and V elements: trends with varying dopant atomic number, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 22, 046002, pp. 1˜6… [cited by applicant]
Hua Wu et al., Magnetism in C- or N-doped MgO and ZnO: A Density-Functional Study of Impurity Pairs, Physical Review Letters, vol. 105, pp. 267203-1˜267203-4 (Dec. 31, 2010). [cited by applicant]
Kim Joondong et al., 2017, Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers CICS' 17 Information and Control Conference, Information and Control Proceedings, pp. 114-115 (Oct. 26, 2017). [cited by applicant]
Kostiner E et al: “Magnesium Germanate and Fluorogermanate”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society,, vol. 118, No. 2, Feb. 1, 1971 (Feb. 1, 1971), pp. 351-353, XP001261901. [cited by applicant]
Krug B et al: “Zum chemischen transport von MgGeO41 3 mit dem transportmittel chlor”, Journal of the Less-Common Metals, Elsevier-Sequoia S.A. Lausanne, CH, vol. 116, No. 1, Feb. 1, 1986 (Feb. 1, 1986), pp. 105-112, XP0… [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Aug. 26, 2025 for Japan Patent Application No. 2024-527410. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Aug. 27, 2025 for Republic of Korea Patent Application No. 10-2024-7018961. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Aug. 6, 2025 for China Patent Application No. 202180047363.9. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Oct. 7, 2025 for Japan Patent Application No. 2024-524667. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Sep. 30, 2025 for Japan Patent Application No. 2024-527548. [cited by applicant]
W. Blum et al., Control of phase formation and film orientation by molar volume stress during MgO—GeO2 thin-film solid-solid reactions, Solid State Ionics, vol. 95, Issues 1-2, pp. 41˜49, (Feb. 2, 1997). [cited by applicant]
Yahiro H et al: “Construction of ZnFe2O4/ZnGa2O4 Spinel-Type Artificial Superlattice by Pulsed Laser Deposition”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Japan Society of Applied Physics, JP, vol. 41, No. 8, Part 01, Aug. … [cited by applicant]
Zhiyun Zhang et al: “Effect of crystallinity of ZnO buffer layer on the properties of epitaxial (ZnO:Al)/(ZnO:Ga) bi-layer films deposited on c-sapphire substrate”, Applied Surface Science, vol. 257, No. 17, Apr. 13, 20… [cited by applicant]
Kneiss M. et al: “Growth, structural and optical properties of coherent [kappa]-(AlxGa1-x)2O3/[kappa]-Ga2O3quantum well superlatticeheterostructures”, Apl Materials, American Institute of Physics, 2 Huntington Quadrangl… [cited by applicant]
Kneiss M. et al: “Supplementary Material 2 of the article: “Growth, Structural and Optical Properties of Coherent [kappa]-(AlxGa1-x)2O3 / [kappa]-Ga2O3 Quantum Well Superlattice Heterostructures””, Apr. 16, 2020 (Apr. 1… [cited by applicant]
Official Letter and Search Report dated Apr. 7, 2025 for Taiwan Patent Application No. 110116610. [cited by applicant]
Partial European Search Report dated Jun. 10, 2025 for European Patent Office Patent Application No. 21963900.2. [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Jul. 11, 2025 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/957,152. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jul. 23, 2025 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/654,221. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jul. 9, 2025 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/654,223. [cited by applicant]
Iijima et al., Formation and Structures of Ni)—ZnO Artificial Superlattices, Journal of Crystal Growth, 95, 1989, pp. 505-508 (Year: 1989). [cited by applicant]
Notice of Allowance and Fees dated Apr. 18, 2025 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/629,555. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Apr. 10, 2025 for U.S. Appl. No. 18/957,152. [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated May 15, 2025 for U.S. Appl. No. 17/654,223. [cited by applicant]
David W. Blodgetta et al.: “Longwave infrared absorption properties of ZnS and ZnSe”, Spiedigitallibrary Spie, vol. 5078, Sep. 26, 2003 (Sep. 26, 2003), Sep. 26, 2003 (Sep. 26, 2003), pp. 137-147, XP137, DOI: https://do… [cited by applicant]
European Search Report dated Jul. 28, 2025 for European Patent Office Patent Application No. 21962285.9. [cited by applicant]
M. Banaszkiew: “Theory of the Absorption of Electromagnetic Radia8tionby Hopping in n-Type Si and Ge Considering AllPolarizations of Acoustic Phonon”, Wiley Online Library Physica Status Solidi (b), vol. vo. 69, No. 1, … [cited by applicant]
Office Action dated Jul. 1, 2025 for Japan Patent Application No. 2022-568603. [cited by applicant]