IP Library Granted Patent US 12,605,489
Granted Patent B2
US 12,605,489 · App. 17/254,013 · Granted Apr 21, 2026

Use of a urinary bladder ECM hydrogel as an esophageal submucosal fluid cushion

Inventors: Stephen Francis Badylak (West Lafayette, IN); Lindsey Tamiko Saldin (El Segundo, CA); Juan Diego Naranjo Gutierrez (Manizales, CO)
Assignee: University of Pittsburgh—Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education
A61L27/3633A61L27/3679A61L27/3687A61L27/52A61B2017/00269A61B2017/00818A61L2400/06A61L2430/22
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,605,489
App. No.
17/254,013
Granted
Apr 21, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

Methods are disclosed for dissecting a mucosa and a submucosa from a muscularis propria from a region of the esophagus of a subject. These methods include injecting submucosally into the region of the esophagus of the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising a urinary bladder extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel, to form a cushion between the submucosa and the underlying muscularis propria at the region of the esophagus, wherein the ECM hydrogel has the following characteristics: a) a time to 50% gelation of less than 20 minutes at a temperature of about 37° C.; b) a flow viscosity suitable for infusion into the esophagus; and c) a stiffness of about 10 to about 400 Pascal (Pa).

Claims (32)

1 . A method for dissecting a mucosa and a submucosa from a muscularis propria at a region of an esophagus of a subject, comprising:

injecting submucosally into the region of the esophagus of the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising a urinary bladder extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel to form a cushion between the submucosa and the underlying muscularis propria in the esophagus at the region, wherein the urinary bladder ECM hydrogel comprises the following characteristics:

a) a time to 50% gelation of 20 minutes or less at a temperature of about 37° C.;

b) a flow viscosity suitable for infusion into the esophagus;

c) a stiffness of about 10 to about 400 Pascal (Pa); and

d) an ECM concentration in the urinary bladder ECM hydrogel of about 4 mg/ml to about 20 mg/ml;

thereby dissecting the mucosa and the submucosa from the underlying muscularis propria at the region of the esophagus and inhibiting inflammation in the region of the esophagus in the subject; and

performing an endoscopic resection procedure on the cushion to remove the dissected mucosa and submucosa.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the time to 50% gelation is about 2 to about 20 minutes at about 37° C.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the time to 50% gelation is about 3 to about 8 minutes, at the temperature of about 37° C.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the time to 50% gelation is about 2 to about 10 minutes at about 37° C.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the flow viscosity is about 0.1 to about 100 Pa*s at a shear rate of about 0.1/s and is about 0.01 to about 0.2 Pats at a shear rate of 1000/s.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the flow viscosity is about 0.1 to about 25 Pa*s at a shear rate of 1/s, and is about 0.02 to about 0.8 Pa*s at a shear rate of about 100/s.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the stiffness of the urinary bladder ECM hydrogel is 10-300 Pa.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ECM concentration in the hydrogel is about 8 mg/ml to about 16 mg/ml.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the urinary bladder ECM hydrogel is administered endoscopically or via a catheter.

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the urinary bladder ECM hydrogel is produced by

(a) solubilizing decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) by digestion of tissue with an acid protease in an acidic solution to produce digested ECM; and

(b) raising the pH of the digested ECM to a pH between 7.2 and 7.8 to produce a neutralized digest solution.

11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein (b) raising the pH of the digested ECM comprises adding a base or an isotonic buffer to raise the pH of the digested ECM.

12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the acid protease is pepsin, trypsin or a combination thereof.

13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the urinary bladder ECM hydrogel is maintained at or below 25° C. prior to administration to the subject.

14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method dissects an esophageal dysplasia, adenocarcinoma or carcinoma from the esophagus.

15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises dissecting the mucosa and the submucosa from the esophagus of a subject who has Barrett's esophagus.

16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the resection procedure is an endoscopic mucosal resection or an endoscopic submucosal dissection to remove the dissected mucosa and submucosa.

17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the method comprises:

dividing the cushion such that the urinary bladder ECM hydrogel is retained on the underlying muscularis propria of the esophagus and the mucosa and the submucosa are removed from the region of the esophagus.

18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is human.

19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method of dissecting comprises endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic mucosal dissection.

20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the urinary bladder ECM hydrogel is a urinary bladder matrix (UBM) ECM hydrogel.

21 . The method claim 1 , wherein the urinary bladder ECM hydrogel is a urinary bladder submucosa (UBS) ECM hydrogel.

22 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the urinary bladder ECM hydrogel is a porcine urinary bladder ECM hydrogel.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Dec 18, 2020
From: BADYLAK, STEPHEN FRANCIS; SALDIN, LINDSEY TAMIKO; NARANJO GUTIERREZ, JUAN DIEGO
To: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH - OF THE COMMONWEALTH SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Reel/Frame 054700/0211 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 62688191 · Jun 21, 2018
Related Publication 20210268148A1 · Sep 2, 2021
References Cited (223)
US 4902508A · Badylak et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4956178A · Badylak et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4978668A · Babbs et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 5007927A · Badylak et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5275826A · Badylak et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5281422A · Badylak et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5352463A · Badylak et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5354274A · Demeter et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5372821A · Badylak et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5445833A · Badylak et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5554389A · Badylak et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5573784A · Badylak et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5641518A · Badylak et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5645860A · Knapp, Jr. et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5695998A · Badylak et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5711969A · Patel et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5753267A · Badylak et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5755791A · Whitson et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5762966A · Knapp, Jr. et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5771969A · Garay · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5866414A · Badylak et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5955110A · Patel et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5968096A · Whitson et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6087157A · Badylak et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6096347A · Geddes et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6099567A · Badylak et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6126686A · Badylak et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6187039B1 · Hiles et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6241981B1 · Cobb et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6331319B1 · Badylak et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6375989B1 · Badylak et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6475232B1 · Babbs et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6485723B1 · Badylak et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6576265B1 · Spievack · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6579538B1 · Spievack · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6696270B2 · Badylak et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6783776B2 · Spievack · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6793939B2 · Badylak · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6849273B2 · Spievack · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6852339B2 · Spievack · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6861074B2 · Spievack · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6887495B2 · Spievack · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6890562B2 · Spievack · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6890563B2 · Spievack · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6890564B2 · Spievack · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6893666B2 · Spievack · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6918396B1 · Badylak et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 7771717B2 · Badylak et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7820634B2 · Badylak et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 8003131B2 · Badylak · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8029774B2 · Bekman et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8084048B2 · Badylak · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8361503B2 · Badylak et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8409625B2 · Badylak · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8535719B2 · Badylak et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8647677B2 · Badylak et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8691276B2 · Badylak et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8716438B2 · Agrawal et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8927003B2 · Badylak et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9226996B2 · Moro et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9314340B2 · Badylak et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9364580B2 · Moro et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9421307B2 · Amoroso et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9522216B2 · Moro et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9814744B2 · Badylak et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9861662B2 · Badylak et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10004827B2 · Badylak et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10213526B2 · Badylak et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10286119B2 · Badylak et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10729813B2 · Badylak et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10736991B2 · Badylak et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10933138B2 · Scopton et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11213545B2 · Badylak et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11291688B2 · Badylak et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11389566B2 · Ramer et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11389569B2 · Badylak et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11406736B2 · Badylak et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11638724B2 · Badylak et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11707485B2 · Badylak et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20030054022A1 · Spievack · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030065379A1 · Babbs et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040043006A1 · Badylak et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040078076A1 · Badylak et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040176855A1 · Badylak · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040187877A1 · Badylak et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040191226A1 · Badylak · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050025838A1 · Badylak · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060070631A1 · Scopton · 2006 [cited by examiner]
US 20070135906A1 · Badylak et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080260831A1 · Badylak · 2008 [cited by examiner]
US 20090074732A1 · Badylak · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20110184439A1 · Anderson et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110208158A1 · Sigmon, Jr. et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20140271491A1 · Gittard et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140356331A1 · Badylak · 2014 [cited by examiner]
US 20150141526A1 · Moro · 2015 [cited by examiner]
US 20160045552A1 · Ramer et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160296675A1 · Longo et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160375177A1 · Hauser · 2016 [cited by examiner]
US 20170049932A1 · Badylak et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180155678A1 · Francis et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180200405A1 · Badylak et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180243473A1 · Badylak et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190076574A1 · Ramer et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190117837A1 · Badylak et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190184060A1 · Bulman et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190290808A1 · Uraoka et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190314553A1 · Zhang · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200030495A1 · Badylak et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200138711A1 · De Cola et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200261624A1 · Crapo et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210054027A1 · Gianneschi et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20210268148A1 · Badylak et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20220249549A1 · Badylak et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220249742A1 · Badylak et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220331486A1 · Badylak et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 20220354473A1 · Badylak et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
CN 101636181A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
CN 101970024A · 2011 [cited by applicant]
CN 104689380A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 104689381A · 2015 [cited by applicant]
CN 105358094A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 105358095A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 105920669A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
CN 106456837A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
CN 106924809A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
JP 1996506799 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
JP 2016520560A · 2016 [cited by applicant]
JP 2017511236A · 2017 [cited by applicant]
JP 2018080136A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO1996024365 · 1996 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2000032209 · 2000 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003059221 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003059284 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2005020847 · 2005 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2008109407A2 · 2008 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2014168964A1 · 2014 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015075015A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015075024 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015075024A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015143310 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2015143310A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017172588A1 · 2017 [cited by examiner]
WO WO2018005427 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018035491A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018161028A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018161034 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018187286 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019246442 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019246444 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2019246447A1 · 2019 [cited by applicant]
“Kumano et al., ”Endoscopic submucosal dissection for pig esophagus by using photocrosslinkable chitosan hydrogel as submucosal fluid cushion“, 2012, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol. 75, No. 4, pp. 841-848” (Year: 2012). [cited by examiner]
Badylak et al., “Resorbable bioscaffold for esophageal repair in a dog model,” [cited by applicant]
Badylak et al., “Esophageal reconstruction with ECM and muscle tissue in a dog model,” [cited by applicant]
Badylak et al., “ESOPHAEGL™: Revolutionizing the way we treat esophageal disease,” University of Pittsburgh Innovation Institute, Pamphlet, ID: 3936 (2 pages), downloaded on Oct. 19, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Freytes et al., “Preparation and rheological characterization of a gel form of the porcine urinary bladder matrix,” [cited by applicant]
Ho and Sly, “Derivation and characterization of murine alternatively activated (M2) macrophages,” Methods Mol Biol., 531: 173-85 (2009). [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2019/038320, 9 pages (mailed Sep. 5, 2019). [cited by applicant]
Ishihara et al., “Application of hydrogels as submucosal fluid cushions for endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection,” [cited by applicant]
Jung and Park, “Submucosal injection solutions for endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastrointestinal neoplasms,” [cited by applicant]
Kakushima and Fujishiro, “Endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastrointestinal neoplasms,” [cited by applicant]
Keane et al., “Tissue-specific effects of esophageal extracellular matrix,” [cited by applicant]
Uraoka et al., “Submucosal injection solution for gastrointestinal tract endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection,” [cited by applicant]
Veremeyko et al., “IL-4/IL-13-dependent and independent expression of miR-124 and its contribution to M2 phenotype of monocytic cells in normal conditions and during allergic inflammation,” [cited by applicant]
Wolf et al., “A hydrogel derived from decellularized dermal extracellular matrix,” [cited by applicant]
Database WPI Week 201609, AN 2015-486314, corresponding to Chinese Patent No. CN104689380, [cited by applicant]
Giannino et al., “Evaluation of Eleview® bioadhesive properties and cushion-forming ability,” [cited by applicant]
Uraoka et al., “Submucosal injection solution for gastrointestinal tract endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection,” [cited by applicant]
Balmadrid and Hwang, “Endoscopic resection of gastric and esophageal cancer,” [cited by applicant]
Feitoza et al., “Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose: a better submucosal fluid cushion for endoscopic mucosal resection,” [cited by applicant]
Geckil et al., “Engineering hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics,” [cited by applicant]
Gilbert et al., “A quantitative method for evaluating the degradation of biologic scaffold materials,” [cited by applicant]
Hashimoto et al., “The efficacy of endoscopic triamcinolone injection for the prevention of esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection,” [cited by applicant]
Hillegonds et al., “Prime lab sample handling and data analysis for accelerator-based biomedical radiocarbon analysis,” [cited by applicant]
Hussey et al. “Ultrasonic cavitation to prepare ECM hydrogels,” [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2019/038317, 10 pages (mailed Sep. 18, 2019). [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion from PCT Application No. PCT/US2019/038315, 9 pages (mailed Aug. 20, 2019). [cited by applicant]
Keane et al., “Restoring Mucosal Barrier Function and Modifying Macrophage Phenotype with an Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel: Potential Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis,” [cited by applicant]
Mcgrath et al., “An Extracellular Matrix Scaffold for Esophageal Stricture Prevention After Circumferential EMR,” Abstract M1330, [cited by applicant]
National Cancer Institute (dysplasia), print-out provided by the U.S. PTO in U.S. Appl. No. 17/688,516, Office action dated Dec. 7, 2022. [cited by applicant]
Nieponice et al., “An extracellular matrix scaffold for esophageal stricture prevention after circumferential EMR,” [cited by applicant]
Pati et al., “Printing three-dimensional tissue analogues with decellularized extracellular matrix bioink,” [cited by applicant]
Record et al., “In vivo degradation of 14C-labeled small intestinal submucosa (SIS) when used for urinary bladder repair,” [cited by applicant]
Saldin et al., “Extracellular matrix hydrogels from decellularized tissues: Structure and function,” [cited by applicant]
Scholvinck et al., “Efficacy and safety of a novel submucosal lifting gel used for endoscopic submucosal dissection: a study in a porcine model,” [cited by applicant]
Spang et al., “Extracellular matrix hydrogel therapies: in vivo applications and Development,” [cited by applicant]
Kumano et al., “Endoscopic submucosal dissection for pig esophagus by using photocrosslinkable chitosan hydrogel as submucosal fluid cushion,” [cited by applicant]
Badylak et al., “Naturally occurring extracellular matrix as a scaffold for musculoskeletal repair,” [cited by applicant]
Badylak et al., “Extracellular matrix as a biological scaffold material: Structure and function,” [cited by applicant]
Badylak, “The extracellular matrix as a biologic scaffold material,” [cited by applicant]
Badylak, “Xenogeneic extracellular matrix as a scaffold for tissue reconstruction,” [cited by applicant]
Badylak, “Esophageal tissue engineering,” McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, http://www .mirm.pitt.edu/Badylak/projects/Esophageal_Tissue_Engineering.asp, 3 pages (printed to PDF on Dec. 21, 2016). [cited by applicant]
Badylak et al., “Esophageal preservation in five male patients after endoscopic inner-layer circumferential resection in the setting of superficial cancer: a regenerative medicine approach with a biologic scaffold.” [cited by applicant]
Costa et al., “Biologic Scaffolds,” [cited by applicant]
Crapo et al., “An Overview of Tissue and Whole Organ Decellularization Processes,” [cited by applicant]
Crapo et al., “Small intestinal submucosa gel as a potential scaffolding material for cardiac tissue engineering,” [cited by applicant]
DeMeester et al., “The diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus,” [cited by applicant]
Dequach et al., “Injectable skeletal muscle matrix hydrogel promotes neovascularization and muscle cell infiltration in a hindlimb ischemia model,” [cited by applicant]
Doede et al., “Unsuccessful alloplastic esophageal replacement with porcine small intestinal submucosa,” [cited by applicant]
Faulk et al., “ECM hydrogel coating mitigates the chronic inflammatory response to polypropylene mesh,” [cited by applicant]
Fercana et al., “Perivascular Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels Mimic Native Matrix Microarchitecture and Promote Angiogenesis via Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor,” [cited by applicant]
Freytes et al., “Porcine Urinary Bladder Matrix Derived Gel for Tissue Engineering Applications,” [cited by applicant]
Ghuman et al., “Long-term retention of ECM hydrogel after implantation into a sub-acute stroke cavity reduces lesion volume,” [cited by applicant]
Hong et al., “Mechanical properties and in vivo behavior of a biodegradable synthetic polymer microfiber-extracellular matrix hydrogel biohybrid scaffold,” [cited by applicant]
Huber et al., “Phenotypic changes in cultured smooth muscle cells: limitation or opportunity for tissue engineering of hollow organs?,” [cited by applicant]
Hussey et al., “Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds for Building Gastrointestinal Tissue,” [cited by applicant]
Keane et al. “Preparation and characterization of a biologic scaffold from esophageal mucosa,” [cited by applicant]
Lehman, “Injectable and bulk-forming agents for enhancing the lower esophageal sphincter,” [cited by applicant]
Londono et al., “Regenerative Medicine Strategies for Esophageal Repair,” [cited by applicant]
Londono et al., “Esophagus and regenerative medicine,” [cited by applicant]
Massensini et al., “Concentration-dependent rheological properties of ECM hydrogel for intracerebral delivery to a stroke cavity,” [cited by applicant]
Meng et al., “Solubilized extracellular matrix from brain and urinary bladder elicits distinct functional and phenotypic responses in macrophages,” [cited by applicant]
Naranjo et al., “Regenerative Medicine: lessons from Mother Nature,” [cited by applicant]
Nieponice et al., “Bone marrow-derived cells participate in the long-term remodeling in a mouse model of esophageal reconstruction,” [cited by applicant]
Nieponice et al., “Patch esophagoplasty: esophageal reconstruction using biologic scaffolds,” [cited by applicant]
Nieponice et al., “Reinforcement of esophageal anastomoses with an extracellular matrix scaffold in a canine model,” [cited by applicant]
Repici et al., “A novel submucosal injection solution for endoscopic resection of large colorectal lesions: a randomized, double-blind trial,” [cited by applicant]
Ringel et al., “The application of tissue engineering procedures to repair the larynx,” J [cited by applicant]
Saldin et al., “Extracellular Matrix Degradation Products Downregulate Neoplastic Esophageal Cell Phenotype,” [cited by applicant]
Santucci et al., “Resorbable extracellular matrix grafts in urologic reconstruction,” [cited by applicant]
Witteman et al., “Transoral endoscopic inner layer esophagectomy: management of high-grade dysplasia and superficial cancer with organ preservation,” [cited by applicant]
Zhu et al., “Injectable, porous, biohybrid hydrogels incorporating decellularized tissue components for soft tissue applications,” [cited by applicant]
Kantesevoy et al., “Endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection,” [cited by applicant]