Method for the synthesis of metal cyanometallates
Methods are presented for synthesizing metal cyanometallate (MCM). A first method provides a first solution of A X M2 Y (CN) Z , to which a second solution including M1 is dropwise added. As a result, a precipitate is formed of A N M1 P M2 Q (CN) R .FH 2 O, where N is in the range of 1 to 4. A second method for synthesizing MCM provides a first solution of M2 C (CN) B , which is dropwise added to a second solution including M1. As a result, a precipitate is formed of M1[M2 S (CN) G ] 1/T . DH 2 O, where S/T is greater than or equal to 0.8. Low vacancy MCM materials are also presented.
1. A method for synthesizing metal cyanometallate (MGM), the method comprising;
providing a first solution of A x M2 y (CN) z ;
where A is selected from a first group of metals including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, silver (Ag) and aluminum (Al)
where M2 is selected from a second group of metals including transition metals, tin (Sn), indium (In), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba)
where X is in a range of 0 to 10;
where Y is in a range of 1 to 10;
where Z is in a range of 1 to 10;
dropwise adding a second solution including M1 to the first solution;
where M1 is selected from the second group of metals;
forming a precipitate of A N M1 p M2 Q (CN) R .FH 2 O;
where N is in a range of 1 to 4;
where P is less than or equal to 2;
where F is in a range of 0 to 20;
where Q is less than or equal to 2; and,
where R is less than or equal to 6.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein dropwise adding the second solution including M1 to the first solution includes providing a process environment having a temperature in a range of 20 to 100 degrees Centigrade (C).
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
prior to dropwise adding the second solution to the first solution, adding an organic solvent to a solution selected from the group consisting of the first solution, the second solution, and both the first and second solutions.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein adding the organic solvent includes adding an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of alcohol, acetone, acetonitrile, and ether.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
prior to dropwise adding the second solution to the first solution, adding a reducing agent to a solution selected from the group consisting of the first solution, the second solution, and both the first and second solutions.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein adding the reducing agent includes adding a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of sodium borohydride, sodium hyposulfite, sodium sulfite, ascorbic acid, glucose, and polyvinylpyrrolidon.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein dropwise adding the second solution to the first solution includes adding the second solution to the first solution in an inert gas process environment.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
drying the precipitate in a vacuum environment including an inert gas, at a temperature in a range between 0 and 200 degrees C.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the first group of metals is selected from the group consisting of lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rh), cesium (Cs), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) barium (Ba), magnesium (Mg), and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein M1 and M2 are each independently selected from the second group of metals consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), niobium (Nb), ruthenium (Ru), cadmium (Cd).
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of A X M2 Y (CN) z in the first solution is less than M1 in the second solution.
12. A method for synthesizing metal cyanometallate (MCM), the method comprising:
providing a first solution of M2 c CN) B ;
where M2 is selected from a group of metals including transition metals, tin (Sn), indium (In), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba)
where C is in a range of 1 to 10;
where B is in a range of 1 to 10;
dropwise adding the first solution to a second solution including M1;
where M1 is selected from the group of metals;
forming a precipitate of M1[M2 s (CN) G ] 1/T .DH 2 O;
where S/T is greater than or equal to 0.8;
where D is in a range of 0 to 20; and,
where G is less than or equal to 6.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein dropwise adding the first solution to the second solution includes dropwise adding the first solution to the second solution in a process environment having a temperature in a range of 20 to 100 degrees Centigrade (C).
14. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
prior to dropwise adding the first solution to the second solution, adding an organic solvent to a solution selected from the group consisting of the first solution, the second solution, and both the first and second solutions.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein adding the organic solvent includes adding an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of alcohol, acetone, acetonitrile, and ether.
16. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
prior to dropwise adding the first solution to the second solution, adding a reducing agent to a solution selected from the group consisting of the first solution, and second solution, and both the first and second solutions.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein adding the reducing agent includes adding a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of sodium borohydride, sodium hyposulfite, sodium sulfite, ascorbic acid, glucose, and polyvinylpyrrolidon.
18. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
drying the precipitate in a vacuum environment including an inert gas, at a temperature in a range between 0 and 200 degrees C.
19. The method of claim 12 wherein M1 and M2 are each independently selected from the group of metals consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), niobium (Nb), ruthenium (Ru), cadmium (Cd).
20. The method of claim 12 wherein the molar ratio of M2 C (CN) B in the first solution is greater than M1 in the second solution.
21. The method of claim 12 wherein dropwise adding the first solution into the second solution includes dropwise adding the first solution to the second solution in an inert gas process environment.