Customized polishing pads for CMP and methods of fabrication and use thereof
View Patent ↗The present application relates to polishing pads for chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of substrates, and methods of fabrication and use thereof. The pads described in this invention are customized to polishing specifications where specifications include (but not limited to) to the material being polished, chip design and architecture, chip density and pattern density, equipment platform and type of slurry used. These pads can be designed with a specialized polymeric nano-structure with a long or short range order which allows for molecular level tuning achieving superior themo-mechanical characteristics. More particularly, the pads can be designed and fabricated so that there is both uniform and nonuniform spatial distribution of chemical and physical properties within the pads. In addition, these pads can be designed to tune the coefficient of friction by surface engineering, through the addition of solid lubricants, and creating low shear integral pads having multiple layers of polymeric material which form an interface parallel to the polishing surface. The pads can also have controlled porosity, embedded abrasive, novel grooves on the polishing surface, for slurry transport, which are produced in situ, and a transparent region for endpoint detection.
1. A polishing pad for polishing a substrate, the polishing pad comprising:
a polishing body having a polishing surface and comprising a polymer matrix, the polishing body comprising:
a first region of the polymer matrix including a first region of the polishing surface, the first region including a first plurality of hollow microelements of a first pore size and a first pore distribution; and
a second region of the polymer matrix including a second region of the polishing surface, the second region including a second plurality of hollow microelements of a second pore size and a second pore distribution, wherein the second pore size of the second plurality of hollow microelements of the second region is different than the first pore size of the first plurality of hollow microelements of the first region.
2. The polishing pad of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises a thermosetting polymer.
3. The polishing pad of claim 2 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises polyurethane.
4. The polishing pad of claim 2 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises poly(urethaneurea) containing repeating alkoxy units.
5. The polishing pad of claim 1 , wherein the polishing pad is a unitary chemical mechanical polishing pad formed by placing a polymer melt or mixture of reactants that form a polymer or both in a mold having dimensions suitable to form the unitary chemical mechanical polishing pad.
6. The polishing pad of claim 1 , wherein the mold is patterned with a complimentary groove design.
7. The polishing pad of claim 1 , further comprising a solid lubricant dispersed throughout the polymer matrix.
8. A polishing pad for polishing a substrate, the polishing pad comprising:
a polishing body having a polishing surface and comprising a polymer matrix, the polishing body comprising:
a first region of the polymer matrix including a first region of the polishing surface, the first region including a first plurality of hollow microelements of a first pore size and a first pore distribution; and
a second region of the polymer matrix including a second region of the polishing surface, the second region including a second plurality of hollow microelements of a second pore size and a second pore distribution, wherein the second pore distribution of the second plurality of hollow microelements of the second region is different than the first pore distribution of the first plurality of hollow microelements of the first region.
9. The polishing pad of claim 8 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises a thermosetting polymer.
10. The polishing pad of claim 9 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises polyurethane.
11. The polishing pad of claim 9 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises poly(urethaneurea) containing repeating alkoxy units.
12. The polishing pad of claim 8 , wherein the polishing pad is a unitary chemical mechanical polishing pad formed by placing a polymer melt or mixture of reactants that form a polymer or both in a mold having dimensions suitable to form the unitary chemical mechanical polishing pad.
13. The polishing pad of claim 8 , wherein the mold is patterned with a complimentary groove design.
14. The polishing pad of claim 8 , further comprising a solid lubricant dispersed throughout the polymer matrix.
15. A polishing pad for polishing a substrate, the polishing pad comprising:
a polishing body having a polishing surface and comprising a polymer matrix, the polishing body comprising:
a first region of the polymer matrix including a first region of the polishing surface, the first region including a first plurality of hollow microelements of a first pore size and a first pore distribution; and
a second region of the polymer matrix including a second region of the polishing surface, the second region including a second plurality of hollow microelements of a second pore size and a second pore distribution, wherein the second pore size of the second plurality of hollow microelements of the second region is different than the first pore size of the first plurality of hollow microelements of the first region, and wherein the second pore distribution of the second plurality of hollow microelements of the second region is different than the first pore distribution of the first plurality of hollow microelements of the first region.
16. The polishing pad of claim 15 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises a thermosetting polymer.
17. The polishing pad of claim 16 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises polyurethane.
18. The polishing pad of claim 16 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises poly(urethaneurea) containing repeating alkoxy units.
19. The polishing pad of claim 15 , wherein the polishing pad is a unitary chemical mechanical polishing pad formed by placing a polymer melt or mixture of reactants that form a polymer or both in a mold having dimensions suitable to form the unitary chemical mechanical polishing pad.
20. The polishing pad of claim 15 , wherein the mold is patterned with a complimentary groove design.
21. The polishing pad of claim 15 , further comprising a solid lubricant dispersed throughout the polymer matrix.