Granted Patent
B2
US 12,533,346 · App. 17/519,127 · Granted Jan 27, 2026
Administration of berberine metabolites
Assignee:
AXCESS GLOBAL SCIENCES, LLC
A61K31/4355A61K9/1075A61K31/00A61K31/19A61K31/4745A61K36/889A61K45/06A61K47/44A61K47/6911A61P3/08A61K9/0053
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Abstract
In various implementations, berberine metabolites, such as dihydroberberine and/or tetrahydroberberine, may be administered to manage blood glucose levels, increase ketone levels (e.g., blood concentration of ketones), and/or for therapeutic purposes in humans. The administration of a pharmaceutically effective amount of berberine metabolites, such as dihydroberberine, may reduce fasting blood glucose levels, improve glucose tolerance, and/or improve blood ketone response. In some implementations, berberine metabolites may be administered with one or more other compounds.
Claims (24)
1 . A method for inducing or maintaining ketosis in an individual, comprising:
orally administering a composition that comprises beta-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and S-beta-hydroxybutyrate and is enriched in R-beta-hydroxybutyrate relative to S-beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein orally administering the composition induces or maintains ketosis in the individual.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein oral administration of the composition maintains or increases weight loss and increases at least one of metabolism, fat loss, fat oxidation, or muscle mass in the individual, wherein the composition comprises approximately 2 g to approximately 10 g of beta-hydroxybutyrate.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein oral administration of the composition manages blood glucose levels in the individual.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is orally administered via a food or a beverage, wherein the composition is included in the food or the beverage.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is initially powdered, and wherein the powdered composition is dissolved in liquid and then orally administered to the individual.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the orally administered composition further comprises at least one of one or more amino acids or one or more amino acid metabolites.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the orally administered composition further comprises leucine, wherein the composition comprises approximately 0.5 to approximately 3 g of leucine.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein oral administration of the composition increases at least one of mental acuity, motor function, or performance.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the method includes orally administering the composition up to 5 times daily.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the orally administered composition further comprises one or more of additional compounds, including at least one of a fatty acid, ester of a fatty acid, a vitamin, a mineral, an electrolyte, a flavoring, a binder, or a nutritional cofactor.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition is orally administered via at least one of a capsule or tablet, and wherein the composition is disposed in the at least one of the capsule or tablet.
12 . A method for inducing or maintaining ketosis in an individual, the method comprising:
orally administering a composition, wherein the composition comprises beta-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises greater than approximately 90% R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and less than approximately 10% L-beta-hydroxybutyrate; and
wherein orally administering the composition induces or maintains ketosis in the individual.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the composition further comprises at least one amino acid.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the composition further comprises one or more of additional compounds capable of increasing or maintaining blood ketone levels.
15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein oral administration of the composition increases at least one of mental acuity, motor function, weight loss, metabolism, fat loss, fat oxidation, or muscle mass, or performance.
16 . The method of claim 12 , wherein oral administration of the composition increases at least one of mental acuity, motor function, or performance.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises greater than approximately 90% R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and less than approximately 10% L-beta-hydroxybutyrate.
18 . A method for inducing or maintaining ketosis in an individual, comprising:
orally administering a composition that comprises approximately 2 g to approximately 10 g of beta-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the beta-hydroxybutyrate comprises greater than approximately 90% R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and less than approximately 10% L-beta-hydroxybutyrate,
wherein orally administering the composition induces or maintains ketosis in the individual.
Assignments (3)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Jan 11, 2023
From: KETO PATENT GROUP, INC.
To: AXCESS GLOBAL SCIENCES, LLC
Reel/Frame 062345/0928 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Dec 6, 2021
From: WELLS, SHAWN
To: KETO PATENT GROUP, INC.
Reel/Frame 058311/0908 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Nov 4, 2021
From: LOWERY, RYAN; WILSON, JACOB
To: KETO PATENT GROUP, INC.
Reel/Frame 058022/0701 →
Continuity (5)
Provisional Application
62324794
· Apr 19, 2016
References Cited (400)
US 2238149A
· Aeckerle
· 1941
[cited by applicant]
US 2976073A
· Russell et al.
· 1961
[cited by applicant]
US 4139761A
· Obrowski
· 1979
[cited by applicant]
US 4224503A
· Gijzel et al.
· 1980
[cited by applicant]
US 4292499A
· Kleinschmidt et al.
· 1981
[cited by applicant]
US 4627808A
· Hughes
· 1986
[cited by applicant]
US 4771074A
· Lammerant et al.
· 1988
[cited by applicant]
US 4969393A
· Mahlich et al.
· 1990
[cited by applicant]
US 4997976A
· Brunengraber et al.
· 1991
[cited by applicant]
US 5093044A
· Wretlind et al.
· 1992
[cited by applicant]
US 5100677A
· Veech
· 1992
[cited by applicant]
US 5116868A
· Chen et al.
· 1992
[cited by applicant]
US 5288512A
· Seiden
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
US 5292774A
· Hiraide et al.
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
US 5654266A
· Chen et al.
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5700670A
· Yamagishi et al.
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 6031000A
· Nissen et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6207856B1
· Veech
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6217915B1
· Luchansky et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6232345B1
· Hiraide et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6316038B1
· Veech
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6323237B1
· Veech
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6380244B2
· Martin et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 6613356B1
· Vlahakos
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 6706756B1
· Fitzpatrick et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6835750B1
· Henderson
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 7351736B2
· Veech
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7807718B2
· Hashim et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7891287B2
· Miller
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8071641B2
· Weiss et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8101653B2
· Veech
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8124589B2
· Henderson
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8344896B2
· Ozanne
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8426468B2
· Henderson
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8642654B2
· Clarke et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8748400B2
· Henderson
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 9138420B2
· D'Agostino et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9186340B2
· Andrews et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9211275B2
· Clarke et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9435566B2
· Hill et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9675577B2
· D'Agostino et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9717767B2
· Carpenter et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9795580B2
· Weeber et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9808481B2
· Ritter et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9925164B1
· Hashim
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 9957246B2
· Stinchcomb et al.
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 20010014696A1
· Veech
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 20010018866A1
· Fischer
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 20010041736A1
· Veech
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 20020124370A1
· Deckert et al.
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
US 20030022937A1
· Veech
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
US 20040138293A1
· Werner et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20050129783A1
· McCleary et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20060275253A1
· Ushida et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20070135376A1
· Henderson
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20070179197A1
· Henderson
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20080058416A1
· Greenwood et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20090253781A1
· Veech
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090306221A1
· Guy et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090325984A1
· Costentin et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20100041751A1
· Henderson
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 20100056631A1
· Hisamura et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 20100113494A1
· Hu et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 20120053240A1
· Rathmacher et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20120071548A1
· Veech
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20120202891A1
· Stinchcomb et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 20130079406A1
· Veech
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 20130337116A1
· Petralia
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 20140256808A1
· Henderson
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20140329893A1
· Veech
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20140352728A1
· Svensson
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20150018415A1
· Veech
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 20150065571A1
· Clarke
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 20150363750A1
· Svensson et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 20170298339A1
· Hanson et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 20180020699A1
· Steup
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 20180021281A1
· Berger
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 20180055797A1
· Llosa et al.
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 20180057846A1
· Llosa et al.
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 20190099394A1
· Ari et al.
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
US 20190209501A1
· Tinsley, M. et al.
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
US 20190313682A1
· Nagel
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
US 20200129463A1
· Lowery
· 2020
[cited by examiner]
US 20200268701A1
· D'Agostino et al.
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
US 20210106168A1
· Cingolani et al.
· 2021
[cited by applicant]
US 20230072854A1
· Purpura et al.
· 2023
[cited by applicant]
US 20230201145A1
· Gary
· 2023
[cited by applicant]
CA 2990927A1
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
CN 86108978A
· 1987
[cited by applicant]
CN 1256629A
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
CN 1347319A
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
CN 1104978C
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
CN 1184978C
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
CN 1972698A
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
CN 101674730A
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
CN 101678043A
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
CN 101969769A
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
CN 102164884A
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
CN 104224823A
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
CN 105050594A
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
CN 106038532A
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
CN 106459646A
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
CN 106858066A
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
CN 108253621A
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
CN 109480284A
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
CN 111655244A
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
CN 111867576A
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
CN 112262936A
· 2021
[cited by applicant]
DE 102017210992A1
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
EP 0008700A1
· 1980
[cited by applicant]
EP 1112711A1
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
EP 1178748A1
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
EP 1827412A1
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
EP 1915144A2
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
EP 2283834A2
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
EP 1755743
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
EP 2976073A1
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
EP 3094321A1
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
EP 3366173A2
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
EP 3446045A1
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
FR 2997302A1
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
GB 2391493A
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
ID 201701176
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
JP 11060434A
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
JP 2002521330A
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
JP 2004035417A
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
JP 2008127369A
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
JP 5030553B2
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
JP 2015042644A
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
JP 5690261B2
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
JP 2015514104A
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
JP 2015102323A
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
JP 2016514725A
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
JP 2016121128A
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
JP 2017046688A
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
JP 2018158897A
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
JP 2018158898A
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
JP 2018158899A
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
JP 2019533010A
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
JP 2020502652A
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
JP 2020527583A
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
JP 2021504476A
· 2021
[cited by applicant]
JP 2021506294A
· 2021
[cited by applicant]
JP 2021127322A
· 2021
[cited by applicant]
JP 2021193945A
· 2021
[cited by applicant]
RU 2345546C2
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO 8703808A1
· 1987
[cited by applicant]
WO 9841200A1
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
WO 2000004895
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
WO 200015216
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
WO 0069315A1
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
WO 0370823A2
· 2003
[cited by applicant]
WO 2005077348A1
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
WO 2005107724A1
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006029577
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006061624A1
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2007115282A2
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
WO 2007138322A1
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
WO 2008005818A1
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
WO 2008021394A2
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
WO 2008024408A2
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
WO 2009089144A1
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO 2010021766
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO 2010104595
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO 2011101171A1
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
WO 2012019295A1
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
WO 2012024611A1
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
WO 2013057506A1
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
WO 2013150153A1
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
WO 2014153415A2
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
WO 2014153416
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
WO 2015063140A1
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
WO 2015071811A1
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
WO 2015156865A1
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
WO 2016123229A1
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
WO 2016149687A1
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
WO 2017156446A1
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
WO 2017165443A1
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
WO 2017165445A1
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
WO 2017182664A1
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
WO 2017184788A1
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
WO 2017208217A2
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
WO 2018055388A1
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
WO 2018089863A1
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
WO 2018114309A1
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
WO 2018132189
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
WO 2018175879A1
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
WO 2018187324A1
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
WO 2018187852A1
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
WO 2019018683A1
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
WO 2019108683A1
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
WO 2019118624A1
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
WO 2019200132A1
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
WO 2019204148A1
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
WO 2019237152A1
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
WO 2019237185A1
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
WO 2020041871A1
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
WO 2020092451A1
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
WO 2021178547A1
· 2021
[cited by applicant]
WO 2022040644A2
· 2022
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US22/49036, mailed on Mar. 8, 2023, 9 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/017556, mailed on Aug. 26, 2021, 7 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/033159, mailed on Nov. 25, 2021, 6 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2021/017078, mailed on Aug. 18, 2022, 7 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2021/045186, mailed on Mar. 9, 2023, 7 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2021/050302, mailed on Mar. 2, 2023, 8 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2021/063559, mailed on Jul. 6, 2023, 6 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US19/48364 dated Nov. 15, 2019.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/062093, mailed on Feb. 1, 2019, 7 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US20/017555, mailed on May 4, 2020, 8 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US20/37289, mailed on Sep. 30, 2020, 8 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/031237, mailed on Jul. 15, 2014, 11 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2017/021886, mailed on Jun. 1, 2017, 15 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2018/062096, mailed on Feb. 11, 2019, 13 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2019/027214, mailed on Jun. 25, 2019, 14 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2019/048357, mailed on Nov. 18, 2019, 13 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/016952, mailed on Apr. 22, 2020, 9 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/017552, mailed on May 4, 2020, 9 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/017556, mailed on May 4, 2020, 12 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2020/033159, mailed on Aug. 12, 2020, 9 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2021/063559, mailed on Mar. 18, 2022, 9 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US21/045186, mailed on Nov. 22, 2021, 10 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US21/17078, mailed on Apr. 23, 2021, 9 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report cited in PCT/US18/62093 dated Feb. 1, 2019.
[cited by applicant]
Invitation to Respond to Written Opinion issued by the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore dated Dec. 28, 2016 for corresponding Singapore Patent Application No. 11201506780R.
[cited by applicant]
It Really is in Your Blood: Glucose to Ketone Ratios. Greymadder, Sep. 15, 2014. Downloaded Apr. 1, 2015. http://greymadder.net/2014/09/15/it-really-is-in-your-blood-glucose-to-ketone-ratios/.
[cited by applicant]
James, “Optical Purity and Enantiomeric Excess” at https://www.master organicchemistry.com/2017/02/24/optical-purity-and-enantiomeric-excess/. (Retrieved from the internet Nov. 6, 2018) (Year: 2018).
[cited by applicant]
John C Newman et al: “beta-Hydroxybutyrate: A Signaling Metabolite”, Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 37, Aug. 21, 2017 (Aug. 21, 2017), pp. 51-76, XP055771586.
[cited by applicant]
Karppanen et al., J. Human Hypertension (2005), vol. 19, pp. S10-S19. (Year: 2005).
[cited by applicant]
Karppanen, H., et al., “Why and how to implement sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium changes in food items and diets?” J. Human Hypertension (2005), vol. 19, pp. S10-S19.
[cited by applicant]
Kaster M.P. et al., “Caffeine acts through neuronal adenosine A2A receptors to prevent mood and memory dysfunction triggered by chronic stress”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 112, No. 25, Jun. 8,…
[cited by applicant]
Kesl, et al., “Effects of exogenous ketone supplementation on blood ketone, glucose, triglyceride, and lipoprotein levels in Sprague-Dawley rats”, Nutrition & Metabolism (2016).
[cited by applicant]
Kim Do Young et al., “Ketone bodies are protective against oxidative stress in neocortical neurons,” Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 101, Issue 5, Jun. 1, 2007, pp. 1316-1326.
[cited by applicant]
Kirsch, Jr et al. “Butanediol Induced Ketosis Increases Tolerance to Hypoxia in the Mouse.” Stroke. 1980, vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 506-513.
[cited by applicant]
Kossoff, Eric H. et al. “Optimal Clinical Management of Children Receiving the Ketogenic Diet: Recommendations of the International Ketogenic Diet Study Group.” Epilepsia, Feb. 2009;50(2):304-17. Epub Sep. 23, 2008.
[cited by applicant]
Krotkiewski, “Value of VLCD Supplementation with Medium Chain Triglycerides”, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, Sep. 2001, 25(9), pp. 1393-1400.
[cited by applicant]
Lang Chaochun, “Healthy fitness and exercise prescription”, Nov. 30, 2013, p. 201.
[cited by applicant]
Lile et al. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012, 122 (1-2), 61-69.
[cited by applicant]
Lonza, Duocap Capsules, Feb. 16, 2018, https ://web .archive .org/web/20180216001656/https://www.capsugel.com/consumer-health-nutrition-products/duocap-capsules (Year: 2018).
[cited by applicant]
Luis Villasenor, “Supplements and Ketogenic Diets—Facts and Myths”, Retrieved from https://www.ketogains.com/2015/09/supplements-and-ketogenic-diets-facts-and-myths/, Sep. 18, 2015, pp. 15.
[cited by applicant]
Lytra. G. et al., “Distribution and Organoleptic Impact of Ethyl 3-Hydroxybutanoate Enantiomers in Wine,” J. Agric. Food Chem, vol. 63, Issue 48, 2015, pp. 10484-10491.
[cited by applicant]
Maalouf Met al., “Ketones inhibit mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species production following glutamate excitotoxicity by increasing NADH oxidation,” Neuroscience, New York, NY, US, vol. 145, Issue 1, Mar. …
[cited by applicant]
Maalouf Met al., “The neuroprotective properties of calorie restriction, the ketogenic diet, and ketone bodies,” Brain Research Reviews, Elsevier, Nl, vol. 59, No. 2, Mar. 1, 2009, pp. 293-315.
[cited by applicant]
Maguire et al., “Gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, and intestinal epithelial proliferation in neurological disorders: towards the development of a new therapeutic using amino acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics”, Rev…
[cited by applicant]
Malo, M. S. et al., Intestinal alkaline phosphatase preserves the normal homeostasis of gut microbiota, 2010, Gut, 59, 1476-1484 (Year: 2010).
[cited by applicant]
Mangels D.R. et al., “Catechins as Potential Mediators of Cardiovascular Health”, Translational Sciences, vol. 37, No. 5, May 1, 2017, pp. 757-763.
[cited by applicant]
Murray, Andrew J., et al. “Novel ketone diet enhances physical and cognitive performance”, The FASEB Journal, No. Dec. 30, 2016.
[cited by applicant]
National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 441, 3-Hydroxybutyric acid, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3-Hydroxybutyric-acid. (Year: 2005).
[cited by applicant]
Non-Final Rejection Mailed on Sep. 9, 2020 for U.S. Appl. No. 16/783,956.
[cited by applicant]
Nova Max Plus Glucose and Ketone Testing with One Monitor. Downloaded Apr. 1, 2015. http://www.novacares.com/nova-max-plus/.
[cited by applicant]
O'Mailey et al., Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 42: 1031-1035 (2017) Published at www.NRCRESEARCHPRESS.com/APNM on Jul. 27, 2017.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/US17/2846 dated Jul. 5, 2017 (9 pages).
[cited by applicant]
Allendorfer et al., “Neuroimaging studies towards understanding the central effects of pharmacological cannabis products on patients with epilepsy”, Epilepsy Behav, May 2017, vol. 70, pp. 349-354.
[cited by applicant]
EnergyTimes-Herbal keto support Jan. 15, 2008.
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report received for EP Patent Application No. 19880284.5, mailed on Jul. 12, 2022, 11 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US17/28465, mailed on Nov. 1, 2018, 7 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US17/28466, mailed on Nov. 1, 2018, 8 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US19/58676, mailed on May 14, 2021, 6 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US19/58676, mailed on Jan. 16, 2020, 6 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2023/020407, mailed on Jul. 26, 2023, 10 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2023/020417, mailed on Jul. 21, 2023, 11 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US22/36030, mailed on Oct. 7, 2022, 7 pages.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US17/28465, mailed on Jul. 5, 2017, 7 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Lannotti et al., “Effects of non-euphoric plant cannabinoids on muscle quality and performance of dystrophic mdx mice”, Br J Pharmacol, May 2019, vol. 176, No. 10, pp. 1568-1584.
[cited by applicant]
Office Action received for European Patent Application No. 17786592.0, mailed on Jun. 17, 2022, 7 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Office Action received for European Patent Application No. 17786592.0, mailed on Sep. 25, 2020, 7 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Stefan et al., “The Effects of Exogenous Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation on Metrics of Safety and Health”, International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, vol. 9, No. 6, Nov. 2020, pp. 154-162.
[cited by applicant]
Supplementary European Search Report received for EP Patent Application No. 17786592.0, mailed on Nov. 25, 2019, 10 pages.
[cited by applicant]
A New Toy Measuring Blood Ketones. Diet Doctor, Aug. 21, 2012. Dowloaded Apr. 1, 2015. http://www.dietdoctor.com/a-new-toy-measuring-blood-ketoones.
[cited by applicant]
Amazon, “Perfect Keto Perform Pre Workout Powder—Bum Fat for Fuel Energy Supplement Drink Mix for Men and Women—Keto Friendly with Ketone Salts, BCAA, Nitric Oxide & MCT”, Sep. 25, 2017 entire document especially p. 1 R…
[cited by applicant]
Anonymous: “Strawberry Pineapple Flavour Pre-Exertion Performance Optimizer”, MINTEL, Database accession No. 5661617, 2018, pp. 4.
[cited by applicant]
Arendash et al. “Caffeine and Coffee as Therapeutics Against Alzheimer's Disease”, Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 20, 2010, S117-S126.
[cited by applicant]
Arnold, Instant Ketosis?, (2013), Aug. 4, 2013 (retrieved on Apr. 21, 2017), p. 1-3. Retrieved from the internet; URL: <http://patrickarnoldblog.com/instant-ketosis/. (Year: 2013).
[cited by applicant]
Bala et al. Drug Invention Today. Jun. 1, 2018;10(6), 929-931.
[cited by applicant]
Bastin et al., “Salt Slection and Optimisation Procedures for Pharmaceutical New Chemical Entities”, American Chemical Society and the Royal Society of Chemistry, vol. 4, No. 5, 2000, pp. 427-435.
[cited by applicant]
Blazquez et al. Journal of Neurochemistry, 1999, vol. 72 No. 4, pp. 1759-1768. (Year: 1999).
[cited by applicant]
Budin. N. et al., “Efficient synthesis of the ketone body ester (R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate and its (S, S) enantiomer,” Bioorganic Chemistry, vol. 80, Oct. 2018, pp. 560-564.
[cited by applicant]
Clarke, et al., Kinetics, safety and tolerability of (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate in healthy adult subjects. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. Aug. 2012; 63(3):401-8.
[cited by applicant]
Craciun, S. et al. Microbial conversion of choline to trimethylamine requires a glycyl radical enzyme, 2012, PNAS, 109 (52): 21307-21312 (Year: 2012).
[cited by applicant]
Cresci, G. et al., Lactobacillus GG and Tributyrin Supplementation Reduce Antibiotic-Induced Intestinal Injury, 2013, Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 37(6), 1-20 (Year: 2013).
[cited by applicant]
Daniells, Stephen, ‘This is caffeine-evolved’: Ingenious Ingredients co-founder talks up potential of paraxanthine, Nov. 3, 2021, 2 pages, retrieved from https://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Article/2021/11/03/This-is-c…
[cited by applicant]
Database Gnpd Mintel, Sep. 29, 2016, anonymous, “Blue Lemon Ice Advanced Formula”, XP093048090, Database accession No. 4315637, pp. 3.
[cited by applicant]
Dietary Guidelines Recommendations at https://health.gov/our-work/food-nutrition/2015-2020-dietary-guidelines/guidelines/ appendix-7/ (2010) (retrieved from the internet Oct. 20, 2020) (Year: 2010).
[cited by applicant]
Dolson, Laura. How to Test Your Blood for Ketones. Downloaded Apr. 1, 2015. http://lowcarbdiets.about.com/od/KetogenicDiets/a/How-to-Test-Blood-For-Ketones.htm.
[cited by applicant]
English translation of WO2013057506 accessed form patentscope.wipo.com Jul. 14, 21.
[cited by applicant]
Enhancing Human Performance: Ketones. Blue Sky Fact Finding Meeting, Oct. 24, 2012.
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report received for EP Patent Application No. 20755289.4, mailed on Oct. 11, 2022, 7 pages.
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report received for EP Patent Application No. 20755994.9, mailed on Sep. 21, 2022, 6 pages.
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report received for EP Patent Application No. 20805593.9, mailed on Dec. 16, 2022, 9 pages.
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report received for EP Patent Application No. 21750261.6, mailed on Feb. 2, 2024, 10 pages.
[cited by applicant]
European Search Report received for EP Patent Application No. 21862356.9, mailed on Jul. 1, 2024, 10 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report issued in PCT/US2017021886 dated Oct. 17, 2019.
[cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report pursuant to Rule 62 EPC (EPO Form 1507S) issued on Jan. 24, 2017 for corresponding European Patent Application No. 14770025.6.
[cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report received for EP Patent Application No. 19788264.0, mailed on Dec. 20, 2021, 11 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Extended European Search Report received for EP Patent Application No. 20755770.3, mailed on Sep. 1, 2022, 7 pages.
[cited by applicant]
First Examination Report for New Zealand Patent Application No. 711433 issued by the New Zealand Intellectual Property Office dated Mar. 10, 2016.
[cited by applicant]
First Office Action issued by the Chinese State Intellectual Property Office on Nov. 4, 2016 for corresponding Chinese Patent Application No. 201480016818.0.
[cited by applicant]
Grootaert, C. Comparison of prebiotic effects of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides and inulin in a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem, 2009, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 69: 231-242 (Year: 2009).
[cited by applicant]
Haces M L et al: “Antioxidant capacity contributes to protection of ketone bodies against oxidative damage induced during hypoglycemic conditions”, Experimental Neurology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Nl, vol. 211, No. 1, May 1…
[cited by applicant]
Hashim, Sarni A, et al., “Ketone body therapy: from the ketogenic diet to the oral administration of ketone ester”, Journal of Lipid Research, vol. 55, 2014.
[cited by applicant]
Haywood A, Glass BO. Pharmaceutical excipients—where do we begin? Australian Prescriber. 2011; 34: 112-114.
[cited by applicant]
Henderson, Samuel T. “Ketone Bodies as a Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease.” Neurotherapeutics. Jul. 2008; 5 (3):470-80.
[cited by applicant]
Holscher, H. Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota, 2017, Gut Microbes, 8(2): 172-184 (Year: 2017).
[cited by applicant]
Holtzman et al., “Role of adenosine receptors in caffeine tolerance”, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1991 ;256(1 ):62-68.
[cited by applicant]
Huang Dexiang et al., “Clinical Intravenous Nutrition”, Shanghai Medical University Press Jan. 31, 1994, pp. 121-124.
[cited by applicant]