Toner
The present invention provides a toner which can form a stable image even in a low print intermittent mode under a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, while having excellent charge rising property. A toner includes a toner particle and a silica fine particle A, wherein (I) in TOF-SIMS measurement of the toner particle, a fragment peak derived from a boron atom and a fragment peak derived from a BO structure are detected, and the toner contains dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or a dodecylbenzenesulfonate; (II) in TOF-SIMS measurement of the silica fine particle A, a fragment ion is observed which corresponds to a dimethylsiloxane structure; when 2.00 g of the silica fine particle is dispersed in a mixed liquid of 25.0 g of ethanol and 75.0 g of an aqueous solution of 20% by mass of NaCl, and the dispersion is subjected to a titration operation which uses sodium hydroxide, Sn defined by Sn=[(a−b)×c×NA]/(d×e) satisfies 0.10≤Sn≤0.80.
1 . A toner comprising: a toner particle comprising a binder resin; and a silica fine particle A, wherein
(I) in TOF-SIMS measurement of the toner particle, a fragment peak derived from a boron atom and a fragment peak derived from a boron-oxygen structure are detected, and
the toner comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and a dodecylbenzenesulfonate;
(II) in TOF-SIMS measurement of the silica fine particle A, a fragment ion is observed which corresponds to a structure shown by the following Formula (1),
(wherein n represents an integer of 1 or more);
when 2.00 g of the silica fine particle is dispersed in a mixed liquid of 25.0 g of ethanol and 75.0 g of an aqueous solution of 20% by mass of NaCl, and the dispersion is subjected to a titration operation which uses sodium hydroxide,
Sn defined by Sn=[(a−b)×c×NA]/(d×e) satisfies the following Expression (2),
0.1
≤
Sn
≤
0.8
…
,
(
2
)
(wherein a is a titration amount (L) of the aqueous solution of NaOH necessary for adjusting the mixed liquid in which the silica fine particle A is dispersed, to pH 9.0,
b is the titration amount (L) of the aqueous solution of NaOH necessary for adjusting the mixed liquid of 25.0 g of ethanol and 75.0 g of the aqueous solution of 20% by mass of NaCl, to pH 9.0,
c is a concentration (mol/L) of the aqueous solution of NaOH used for the titration,
NA is Avogadro's number,
d is a mass (g) of the silica fine particle, and
e is a BET specific surface area (nm 2 /g) of the silica fine particle);
in a chemical shift of the silica fine particle A obtained by a solid-state 29 Si-NMR DD/MAS method, when D DD represents a peak area of a D unit having a peak top in a range of −25 ppm to −15 ppm, S DD represents a sum of peak areas of an M unit, a D unit, a T unit and a Q unit in a range of from −140 to 100 ppm, and B (m 2 /g) represents a BET specific surface area of the silica fine particle,
a value (D DD /S DD )/B of a ratio of (D DD /S DD ) to B is from 4.70×10 −6 to 1.40×10 −1 ; and furthermore
in a chemical shift of the silica fine particle A obtained by a solid-state 29 Si-NMR CP/MAS method, when D CP represents a peak area of the D unit having a peak top in the range of from −25 to −15 ppm, and S CP represents a sum of peak areas of the M unit, the D unit, the T unit and the Q unit in a range of from −140 to 100 ppm,
a value (D CP /S CP )/B of a ratio of (D CP /S CP ) to B is from 4.70×10 −4 to 1.00×10 −2 , and
a value (D CP /S CP )/(D DD /S DD ) of a ratio of (D CP /S CP ) to (D DD /S DD ) is from 3.00 to 3.00×10 2 .
2 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a content (based on mass) of the dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or the dodecylbenzenesulfonate is from 10 to 1000 ppm with respect to the toner.
3 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein an abundance of boron atoms (based on mass) obtained when the toner is measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is from 0.1 to 100 ppm.
4 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a number-average particle size of a primary particle of the silica fine particle A is from 5 to 50 nm smaller.
5 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the silica fine particle A in the toner is from 0.2 to 2.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the toner particle.
6 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a BET specific surface area of the silica fine particle A is from 15 to 300 m 2 /g.
7 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship between an abundance of boron atoms in the toner (based on mass) I B [ppm] and a content S A [parts by mass] of the silica fine particle A in the toner, and (D CP /S CP )/B satisfies the following Expression (7):
2.6
×
10
-
5
≤
[
(
D
CP
/
S
CP
)
/
B
]
×
S
A
/
I
B
≤
3.6
×
10
-
3
…
.
(
7
)
8 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a relationship among a content (based on mass) D [ppm] of the dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or the dodecylbenzenesulfonate, the content S A [parts by mass] of the silica fine particle A in the toner and (D CP /S CP )/B satisfies the following Expression (8):
7.7
×
10
3
≤
D
/
[
(
D
CP
/
S
CP
)
/
B
]
×
S
A
≤
1.9
×
10
6
…
.
(
8
)
9 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner comprises a titanium compound particle B having a major axis of from 300 to 3000 nm and an aspect ratio of from 5.0 to 50.0.
10 . The toner according to claim 9 , wherein a relationship between an abundance of boron atoms (based on mass) I B [ppm] in the toner and a content T [% by mass] of the titanium compound particle B in the toner satisfies the following Expression (9):
5.
×
10
-
2
≤
T
/
I
B
≤
8.3
…
.
(
9
)
11 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particle has a polyester resin in a surface layer of the toner particle, and the surface layer has a thickness of from 300 to 700 nm.