Sintered engine part and method of manufacture thereof
A powder admixture useful for making a sintered engine part such as a valve seat insert includes a first iron-base powder and second iron-base powder wherein the first iron-base powder has a higher hardness than the second iron-base powder, the first iron-base powder including, in weight percent, 1-2% C, 10-25% Cr, 5-20% Mo, 15-25% Co, and 30-60% Fe, and the second iron-base powder including a vanadium-free tool steel powder such as a vanadium-free tool steel comprising, in weight %, 1-1.5% C, 3-15% Cr, 5-7% Mo, 3-6% W, and 60-85% Fe, the second iron-base powder further comprising vanadium carbide particles in an amount sufficient to reduce adhesive wear. The powder admixture can be sintered to form a sintered engine part optionally infiltrated with copper.
1 . A powder admixture useful for making a sintered engine part, the powder admixture comprising a first iron-base powder and second iron-base powder wherein the first iron-base powder has a higher hardness than the second iron-base powder, the first iron-base powder including, in weight percent wt. %, 1-2% C, 10-25% Cr, 5-20% Mo, 15-25% Co, and 30-60% Fe, and the second iron-base powder including a vanadium-free tool steel powder, wherein the second iron-base powder further includes vanadium carbide particles in an amount sufficient to reduce adhesive wear.
2 . The powder admixture of claim 1 , wherein (a) the first iron-base powder has a microstructure of interdendritic and intradendritic phases with up to 25 volume percent (vol. %) sigma phase, (b) the powder admixture further includes, in wt. %, up to 20% Fe powder, up to 3% Cu powder, up to 2% MnS powder, and up to 2% die lubricant, (c) the first iron-base powder consists essentially of, in wt. %, 1-2% C, 10-25% Cr, 5-20% Mo, 15-25% Co, up to 1% Mn, up to 1% Si, up to 5% Ni, up to 5% W, up to 2% V, up to 0.5% B, up to 0.1% P, up to 0.1% S, up to 0.5% N, up to 5% Nb, balance 30-60% Fe and incidental impurities and/or (d) the vanadium-free tool steel of the second iron-base powder consists essentially of, in wt. %, 1-1.5% C, 3-15% Cr, 5-7% Mo, 3-6% W, up to 1% Mn, up to 1% Si, balance 60-85% Fe and incidental impurities, and is optionally Ni-free, optionally Co-free, and optionally Nb-free.
3 . The powder admixture of claim 1 , wherein the vanadium carbide particles have an average particle size of 1 to 150 microns.
4 . The powder admixture of claim 1 , wherein the vanadium carbide particles are vanadium carbonitride particles having an average particle size of 1 to 150 microns.
5 . The powder admixture of claim 1 , wherein the vanadium carbide particles are present in an amount of 0.5 to 5 wt. % of the second iron-base powder.
6 . The powder admixture of claim 1 , wherein the first iron-based powder is present in an amount of 40-60 wt. % and the second iron-based powder is present in an amount of 20-40 wt. %.
7 . The powder admixture of claim 1 , wherein the powder admixture further includes Fe powder, Cu powder and MnS powder, the first iron-based powder is present in an amount of 40-60 wt. %, the second iron-based powder is present in an amount of 20-40 wt. %, the Fe powder is present in an amount of 15-20 wt. %, the Cu powder is present in an amount of 1-3%, and the MnS powder is present in an amount of 0.1-1 wt. %.
8 . The powder admixture of claim 1 , wherein other than the vanadium carbide particles, the powder admixture is free of additive silicide and intermetallic hard powder particles.
9 . The powder admixture of claim 1 , wherein the first iron-base powder has a microstructure consisting of 40-60 vol. % interdendritic and 60-40 vol. % intradendritic regions.
10 . The powder admixture of claim 1 , wherein other than the vanadium carbide particles, the powder admixture is free of Co-base and/or Mo-base particle powders having a hardness greater than the hardness of the first iron-base powder.
11 . A sintered engine part comprising the powder admixture of claim 1 , wherein the powder admixture has been compacted in the shape of an engine part, sintered to form a sintered powder admixture optionally infiltrated with copper.
12 . The sintered engine part of claim 11 , wherein the sintered powder admixture has a density of at least 7.5 g/cm 3 .
13 . The sintered engine part of claim 11 , wherein the first iron-base powder has a microstructure consisting of 40-60 vol. % interdendritic and 60-40 vol. % intradendritic regions.
14 . The sintered engine part of claim 11 , wherein other than the vanadium carbide particles, the sintered admixture is free of silicide particle powders or intermetallic hard particle powders having a hardness greater than the hardness of the first iron-base powder.
15 . The sintered engine part of claim 11 , wherein the sintered admixture is free of additive silicide particle powders, Mo-base particle powders, Co-base particle powders or intermetallic hard particle powders.
16 . The sintered engine part of claim 11 , wherein the first iron-based powder is present in an amount of 40-60 wt. %, the second iron-based powder is present in an amount of 20-40 wt. %, and Fe powder is present in an amount of 15-20 wt. %.
17 . The sintered engine part of claim 11 , wherein the first iron-based powder is present in an amount of 40-60 wt. %, the second iron-based powder is present in an amount of 20-40 wt. %, Fe powder is present in an amount of 15-20 wt. % and copper is present in an amount of 10-15 wt. %.
18 . A method of manufacturing the sintered engine part of claim 11 , comprising forming an admixture by mixing the first iron-based powder with the second iron-based powder, compacting the admixture, and sintering the admixture.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the sintering comprises preheating the powder admixture at 560° C., 850° C., and 950° C. for 16 minutes at each temperature followed by 1120° C. sintering for 48 minutes.
20 . The method of claim 18 , wherein (a) the sintering comprises a pressing and sintering process; (b) the method further comprising subjecting the sintered engine part to cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen; (c) the method further comprising subjecting the sintered engine part to a steam treatment; and/or (e) the sintering is carried out while infiltrating the admixture with copper.