Granted Patent
B2
US 12,531,226 · App. 18/070,174 · Granted Jan 20, 2026
Apparatus for electrospray emission
Assignee:
Accion Systems, Inc.
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Abstract
An electrospray apparatus including a plurality of emitters, disposed on a substrate, wherein the plurality of emitters can have a narrow parameter distribution.
Claims (14)
1 . A satellite thruster chip apparatus comprising:
a first and a second emitter array, each comprising a plurality of substantially identical porous emitters, wherein each porous emitter of the plurality of substantially identical porous emitters has a concave lateral surface, wherein each porous emitter of the plurality of substantially identical porous emitters consists of silica, has a radius of curvature between about 4 and 6 μm, and comprises a substantially smooth surface; and
a power supply configured to apply a first voltage to working material within the first emitter array and to contemporaneously apply a second voltage to working material within the second emitter array.
2 . The satellite thruster chip apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each emitter comprises an apex comprising a first radius of curvature along a first reference axis and a second radius of curvature along a second reference axis.
3 . The satellite thruster chip apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a pore size of each emitter of the first emitter array is between about 60 and 250 nm.
4 . The satellite thruster chip apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a height of each emitter of the first emitter array is between about 200 and 750 μm.
5 . The satellite thruster chip apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of emitters of the first emitter array are arranged in a hexagonal grid, wherein an apex to apex separation distance between emitters arranged in the hexagonal grid is between about 40 and 500 μm.
6 . The satellite thruster chip apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the working material comprises an ionic liquid; wherein the working material wets the emitters.
7 . The satellite thruster chip apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a variance of a pore size of the emitters of each emitter array is at most 30% of a mean pore size of the respective emitter array.
8 . The satellite thruster chip apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a variance of a radius of curvature of an apex of the emitters of each emitter array is at most 30% of a mean radius of curvature of the respective emitter array.
9 . The satellite thruster chip apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each emitter array comprises at least 0.5 emitters per square millimeter.
10 . The satellite thruster chip apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each emitter array comprises a dielectric material.
11 . The satellite thruster chip apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first voltage and second voltage comprise the same magnitude and opposite polarity.
12 . The satellite thruster chip apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first radius of curvature of the apex and the second radius of curvature of the apex are not the same.
Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST
Recorded Nov 28, 2022
From: PERNA, LOUIS; PETRUCZOK, CHRISTY; BOST, ALEXANDER
To: ACCION SYSTEMS, INC.
Reel/Frame 061894/0403 →
Continuity (4)
Provisional Application
62882294
· Aug 2, 2019
Provisional Application
62850907
· May 21, 2019
References Cited (284)
US 2783384A
· Bright et al.
· 1957
[cited by applicant]
US 3486302A
· Paynter
· 1969
[cited by applicant]
US 3818314A
· Miller et al.
· 1974
[cited by applicant]
US 4328667A
· Valentian et al.
· 1982
[cited by applicant]
US 4471289A
· Duley et al.
· 1984
[cited by applicant]
US 4733530A
· Beattie et al.
· 1988
[cited by applicant]
US 4737897A
· Shipley et al.
· 1988
[cited by applicant]
US 4739461A
· Komatsu et al.
· 1988
[cited by applicant]
US 4855604A
· Riahi
· 1989
[cited by applicant]
US 5018634A
· Le
· 1991
[cited by applicant]
US 5279323A
· Grove et al.
· 1994
[cited by applicant]
US 5416364A
· Divjak
· 1995
[cited by applicant]
US 5624875A
· Nakanishi et al.
· 1997
[cited by applicant]
US 5826030A
· Hebert
· 1998
[cited by applicant]
US 6051810A
· Stava
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6055169A
· Bowman et al.
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6068882A
· Ryu
· 2000
[cited by applicant]
US 6288390B1
· Siuzdak et al.
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6297499B1
· Fenn
· 2001
[cited by applicant]
US 6707035B2
· Hughey et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6744046B2
· Valaskovic et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6768119B2
· De et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6826030B2
· Gorczyca et al.
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 6867415B2
· Hughey et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 7015046B2
· Wohlstadter et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7097781B2
· Asakawa et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7129513B2
· Zhou et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 7199364B2
· Thakur
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7269940B2
· Wiseman
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 7335897B2
· Takats et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7385798B2
· Warren et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7397032B2
· Zona et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 7517479B2
· Bango et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 7696489B2
· Pilz et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7863581B2
· Lozano et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7932492B2
· Demmons et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8030621B2
· Lozano et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8063336B2
· Gefter et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8080930B2
· King
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8084735B2
· Kertesz et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 8198106B2
· Akinwande et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8207496B2
· Makarov et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8227765B2
· Syms
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8272345B2
· Robertson et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8324593B2
· Lozano et al.
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
US 8368295B2
· Wei et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8394877B2
· Asakawa et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8448419B2
· Demmons et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8467204B2
· Agarwal et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 8722323B2
· Wohlstadter et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8785881B2
· Lozano et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8791411B2
· Lozano et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8801359B2
· Sherrer
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 8850792B2
· Marrese-Reading et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 9194379B1
· Biblarz et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9236736B2
· Oyobe et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9297368B1
· Patterson
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9358556B2
· Velásquez-García et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9362097B2
· Lozano et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9460884B2
· Hopwood et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9478403B2
· Lozano et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9510431B2
· Oldynski et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 9669416B2
· Velásquez-García et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
US 9704685B2
· Lozano
· 2017
[cited by examiner]
US 9895706B2
· Velásquez-García et al.
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 9905392B2
· Lozano et al.
· 2018
[cited by applicant]
US 20040226279A1
· Fenn
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
US 20050287421A1
· Simon et al.
· 2005
[cited by applicant]
US 20060138997A1
· Holmes et al.
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
US 20070170056A1
· Arnold et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20080011617A1
· Struthers et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080051881A1
· Feng et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20080307766A1
· Petras et al.
· 2008
[cited by applicant]
US 20090206660A1
· Makita et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090283824A1
· Knight et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20090309481A1
· Chou et al.
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
US 20100284735A1
· Sievers et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 20110126929A1
· Velasquez-Garcia et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 20110150765A1
· Boyden et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 20130098774A1
· Lozano
· 2013
[cited by examiner]
US 20130256535A1
· Meijer et al.
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
US 20150060757A1
· Lee et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 20160107178A1
· Velásquez-García
· 2016
[cited by examiner]
US 20170369753A1
· Demmons et al.
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
CN 109751214A
· 2019
[cited by applicant]
EP 2843789A2
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
WO 9928624A1
· 1999
[cited by applicant]
WO 02055990A2
· 2002
[cited by applicant]
WO 2006009854A2
· 2006
[cited by applicant]
WO 2007002170A2
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
WO 2009023257A1
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO 2009039338A1
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO 2009137583A2
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO 2011079138A2
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
WO 2012078043A1
· 2012
[cited by applicant]
WO 2013016497A2
· 2013
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2013003795A1
· 2013
[cited by examiner]
WO 2017093906A1
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
Legge Jr., Robert S., “Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Metal Emitters for Electrospray Applications”, Brown University ( Mechanical Engineering) Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, May 18, 2008, 140 p…
[cited by examiner]
Bost, Alexander, “Materials for Small-Scale Space Propulsion Systems”, Abstract of Thesis, Masschusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017, https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/112…
[cited by examiner]
Bost, Alexander, “Materials for Small-Scale Space Propulsion Systems”, Abstract of Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017 (Year: 2017).
[cited by examiner]
“Common Metal Mesh Configurations, Dutch Weaves”, Sefar North America 2009.
[cited by applicant]
“Miriam Webster Dictionary definition of Mode”, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/modal (Year: 2022), retrieved Mar. 28, 2022.
[cited by applicant]
“Miriam Webster Dictionary Definition of Unimodal”, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unimodal (Year: 2022), retrieved Mar. 28, 2022.
[cited by applicant]
Arestie, Steven Mark, “Porous Material and Process Development for Electrospray Propulsion Applications”, Thesis submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Jun. 2…
[cited by applicant]
Baxandall, P.J. , “Transistor Sine-Wave LC Oscillators—Some General Considerations and New Developments”, The Institute of Electrical Engineers, Paper No. 2978 E, Feb. 1960, 11 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Bennett, Michael , “Spinning a yarn, nano-style—more affordable fibres”, Materials World Magazine. The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. Jan. 7, 2013. 2 pages. www.iom3.org/news/spinning-yam-nano-style-afford…
[cited by applicant]
Bost, Alexander Conner Larkin , “Materials for Small-Scale Space Propulsion Systems”, Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Jun. 2017, 92 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Bruno, Amelia R., et al., “Design and Testing of a Propellant Management System for Bimodal Chemical-Electrospray Propulsion”, 2021 IEEE.
[cited by applicant]
Burger, Christian , et al., “Nanofibrous Materials and Their Applications”, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., No. 36 pp. 333-368, 2006.
[cited by applicant]
Carretero, Jorge A., et al., “Numerical Simulation of Taylor Cone-Jets and Colloid Thruster Plumes”, 4th International Conference on Spacecraft Proprulsion, Cagliari, Italy. Jun. 2-4, 2004.
[cited by applicant]
Chang, Chieh , et al., “Continuous near-field electrospinning for large area deposition of orderly nanofiber patterns”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93:123111 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Chato, David J., et al., “Vented Tank Resupply Experiment: Flight Test Results”, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, vol. 43, No. 5, Sep.-Oct. 2006.
[cited by applicant]
Chiu, Yu-Hui , et al., “Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Colloid Thruster lon Emission from Selected Propellants”, Journal of Propulsion and Power. 2005. 21(3):416-23.
[cited by applicant]
Clampitt,, R. , et al., “Intense field-emission ion source of liquid metals”, J of Vaccum Science and Technology. 1975. 12 (1):1208.
[cited by applicant]
Cleaver , et al., “A 100-kV ion probe microfabrication system with a tetrode gun”, Vacuum Sci and Technol. 1981. 19(4): 1145-8.
[cited by applicant]
Coffman, Chase Spenser, “Considerations for a Multi-Modal Electrospray Propulsion System”, Thesis submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics on Aug. 23, 2012.
[cited by applicant]
Collard, Timothy A., et al., “Pressurized Xenon Propellant Management System for the CubeSat Ambipolar Thruster”, Joint Conference of the 30th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, 34th International …
[cited by applicant]
De La Mora, Juan Fernandez, et al., “The Current Emitted by Highly Conductive Taylor Cones”, J Fluid Mech. , vol. 260, pp. 155-184, 1994.
[cited by applicant]
De La Mora, Juan Fernandez, “The Fluid Dynamics of Taylor Cones”, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 39: pp. 217-243 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
De Saavedra, F. De Borja , et al., “Direct thrust measurements of an externally wetted electrospray thruster”, Presented at the 37th International Electric Propulsion Conference, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, C…
[cited by applicant]
Deitzel, J.M , et al., “Controlled deposition of electrospun poly( ethylene oxide) fibers”, Polymer No. 42 pp. 8163-8170, 2001.
[cited by applicant]
Despois, Jean-François , et al., “Permeability of open-pore microcellular materials”, Acta Materialia. Elsevier, Oxford, GB. Mar. 2005. 53(5): 1381-8.
[cited by applicant]
Doshi, Jayesh , et al., “Electrospinning Process and Applications of Electrospun Fibers”, J Electrost. No. 35, pp. 151-160, 1995.
[cited by applicant]
Driese, W. , “In situ observation of the tip shape of AuGe liquid alloy ion sources using a high voltage transmission electron microscope”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B. 1996. 14(5):3367-80.
[cited by applicant]
Escher, Conrad , “Vaccuum Ion Emission From Solid Electrolytes: An Alternative Source for Focused Ion Beams”, Applied Physics Letters. 2006. 89: 053513-1 and 053513-2.
[cited by applicant]
Freeman, Dakota S., “Design and Manufacture of the Next Generation of Ion Electrospray Thrusters”, Thesis submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Jun. 2019.
[cited by applicant]
Gassend, Blaise , “A Microfabricated Planar Electrospray Array Ionic Liquid Ion Source With Integrated Extractor”, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems , vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 679-694, 2009.
[cited by applicant]
Gassend, Blaise , “Precision In-Plane Hand Assembly of Bulk-Microfabricated Components for High-Voltage MEMS Arrays Applications”, J of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 332-326 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Gibson, Phillip , et al., “Transport properties of porous membranes based on electrospun nanofibers”, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, No. 187-188, pp. 469-481 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Gleb, Lev D., et al., “Pore Size Distributions in Porous Glasses: A Computer Simulation Study”, Langmuir 1999, 15, 305-308.
[cited by applicant]
Guharay, S. K., “Characteristics of focused beam spots using negative ion beams from a compact surface plasma source and merits for new applications”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B. 1998. 16(6): 3370-3.
[cited by applicant]
Guzdar, P. N. , et al., “Charging of substrates irradiated by particle beams”, Applied Physics Letters. 1997. 71(22). 3302-4.
[cited by applicant]
Hansen, Klavs , et al., “Electric Field Enhancement Factors Around a Metallic, End-Capped Cylinder”, Nano Brief Reports and Reviews, Jan. 2012.
[cited by applicant]
Hardesty, Larry , “Making ‘nanospinning’ practical”, MIT News Office; https://news.mit.edu/2012/making-nanospinning-practical-1120; Nov. 20, 2012.
[cited by applicant]
Hartwig, Jason W., “Propellant Management Devices for Low-Gravity Fluid Management: Past, Present, and Future Applications”, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, vol. 54, No. 4, Jul.-Aug. 2017.
[cited by applicant]
He , et al., “Magnetic and photomagnetic properties of polycrystalline wide-gap semiconductor Cd1—xMnxTe thin films”, Journal of Electronic Materials. Feb. 1997. 26(2):73-7.
[cited by applicant]
Hemberger, Frank , “Thermal transport properties of functionally graded carbon aerogels”, Int J Thermophys. 2009;30:1357-71.
[cited by applicant]
Hill, Frances Ann, “High-Throughput Ionic Liquid Ion Sources Using Arrays of Microfabricated Electrospray Emitters With Integrated Extractor Grid and Carbon Nanotube Flow Control Structures”, Technical Digest of the 17t…
[cited by applicant]
Hruby, Vlad , et al., “Micro Newton Colloid Thruster System Development”, Electric Rocket Propulsion Society, 2001.
[cited by applicant]
Inayat, Alexandra , et al., “Recent advances in the synthesis of hierarchically porous silica materials on the basis of porous glasses”, New J. Chem., 2016, 40, 4095-4114.
[cited by applicant]
Ishino, Chieko , “Wicking within forests of micropillars”, EPL (Europhysics Letters) 79(5):56005, Aug. 2007.
[cited by applicant]
Jain, Himanshu , “Glass Processing”, Lecture #26, Porous Glass, IMI-NFG's Glass Processing course, Spring 2015.
[cited by applicant]
Kobayashi, Keita , et al., “Growth of large-diameter (˜4 nm) single-wall carbon nanotubes in the nanospace of mesoporous material SBA-15”, Carbon, vol. 49, Issue 15, Dec. 2011, pp. 5173-5179.
[cited by applicant]
Kristinsson, Bjarni Orn, “On the Design of Electrospray Emitters and their Microfluidic Behavior”, Thesis submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Jun. 2019.
[cited by applicant]
Krpoun, R. , et al., “Tailoring the hydraulic impedance of out-of-plane micromachined electrospray sources with integrated electrodes”, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 94, 2009.
[cited by applicant]
Larriba , et al., “Monoenergetic Source of Kilodalton Ions from Taylor Cones of Ionic Liquids”, Journal of Applied Physics. 2007. 101: 084303-1 to 084303-6.
[cited by applicant]
Larrondo , et al., “Electrostatic fiber spinning from polymer melts&mdash”, 1. Experimental-observations on fiber formation and properties, J Polym. Sci. B 1No. 9, pp. 909-920 (1981).
[cited by applicant]
Larsen, Gustavo , et al., “Use of Coaxial Gas Jackets to Stabilize Taylor Cones of Volatile Solutions and to Induce Particle-to-Fiber Transitions”, Adv Mater vol. 16, No. 2, 166-169, (2004).
[cited by applicant]
Lee, Seungsin , et al., “Developing Protective Textile Materials as Barriers to Liquid Penetration Using Melt-Electrospinning”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 102, pp. 3430-3437, (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Legge, Robert S., et al., “Electrospray Propulsion Based on Emitters Microfabricated in Porous Metals”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, vol. 27, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2011, pp. 485-494.
[cited by applicant]
Yamashita, Yoshihiro , et al., “Characteristics of Elastomeric Nanofiber Membranes”, Journal of Textile Engineering, vol. 53, No. 4, (2007). 10 pages.
[cited by applicant]
Yang, Ying , et al., “Multiple Jets in Electrospinning”, Proceedings of the 8th International conference on properties and applications of dielectric materials, pp. 940-943 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Yang, Bao-Jun , et al., “Research Progress in Preparation and Application of Gradient-P0rous Metal”, Apr. 2008, vol. No. 2, Powder Metallurgy Industry.
[cited by applicant]
Yarin, A. L., et al., “Upward needleless electrospinning of multiple nanofibers”, Polymer 45 (2004) 2977-2980.
[cited by applicant]
Zeng, H. , et al., “Influence of Property Gradient on the Behavior of Cellular Materials Subjected to Impact Loading”, AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP USA. Feb. 15, 2008. vol. 18.
[cited by applicant]
Zhou, Weiping , et al., “Gas Flow-Assisted Alignment of Super Long Electrospun Nanofibers”, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 7, 2667-2673, 2007.
[cited by applicant]
Zhou, Feng-Lei , et al., “Mass production of nanofibre assemblies by electrostatic spinning”, Polym Int, No. 58, pp. 331-342 (2009).
[cited by applicant]
Zong, Xinhua , et al., “Control of structure, morphology and property in electrospun poly(glycolide-co-lactide) non-woven membranes via post-draw treatments”, Polymer 44 (2003) 4959-4967.
[cited by applicant]
Legge, Robert S., et al., “Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Metal Emitters for Electrospray Applications”, Brown University (Mechanical Engineering): Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. May 18, 2008. 1…
[cited by applicant]
Legge, Robert , et al., “Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Metal Emitters for Electrospray Thrusters”, IEPC-2007-145 Proc. 30th International Electric Proulsion Conference, Florence, Italy, Sep. 17-20, 2007.
[cited by applicant]
Li , et al., “Electrospinning of nanofibers: reinventing the wheel”, Advanced Materials, vol. 16, pp. 1151-1170, 2004.
[cited by applicant]
Li, Jian , “The Focused-Ion-Beam Microscope—More than a Precision Ion Milling Machine”, JOM. 2006. 58 (3): 27-31.
[cited by applicant]
Lin, Yi , et al., “Preparation of poly(ether sulfone) nanofibers by gas-jet/electrospinning”, vol. 107, pp. 909-917, 2008.
[cited by applicant]
Lozano, Paulo , “Electrospray emission from nonwetting flat dielectric surfaces”, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2004. 276(2): 392-9.
[cited by applicant]
Lozano, Paulo , “Experimental Measurements of Colloid Thruster Plumes in the Ion-Droplet Mixed Regime”, (AIAA-3814) 38th Joint Propulsion Conference. Indianapolis, Indiana. Jul. 7-10, 2002. 1-6.
[cited by applicant]
Lozano, Paulo C, et al., “Experimental Measurements of Colloid Thruster Plumes in the Ion-Droplet Mixed Regime”, 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit Jul. 7-10, 2022, Indianapolis, Indiana.
[cited by applicant]
Lozano, Paulo , et al., “Ionic liquid ion sources: characterization of externally wetted emitters”, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., vol. 282, pp. 415-421, 2005.
[cited by applicant]
Lozano, Paulo , “Ionic liquid ion sources: suppression of electrochemical reactions using voltage alternation”, J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2004. vol. 280, pp. 149-154.
[cited by applicant]
Lozano, Paulo , “On the dynamic response of externally wetted ionic liquid ion sources”, J. Phys. D.: Appl Phys. 2005. 38(14).2371-7.
[cited by applicant]
Lozano, Paulo , et al., “Performance Characteristics of a Linear Ionic Liquid Electrospray Thruster”, IEPC-2005-192. 29th International Electric Propulsion Conference. Princeton University (USA). Oct. 21-Nov. 2005.
[cited by applicant]
Lukas, David , et al., “Self-organization of jets in electrospinning from free liquid surface: A generalized approach”, Appl. Phys. 103, 084309 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Ma, Chengyu , et al., “The Design and Characterization of a Porous-emitter Electrospray Thruster (PET-100) for Interplay CubeSats”, Proceedings of iCubeSat 2018, the 7th Interplanetary CubeSat Workshop, Paris, France, M…
[cited by applicant]
Mcewen, Alan , et al., “Electrochemical Properties of Imidazolium Salt Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitor Applications”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 146 (5) 1687-1695 (1999).
[cited by applicant]
Mitterauer, J. , “Liquid Metal lon Sources as Thrusters for Electric Space Propulsion”, Journal de Physique Colloques, 1987, 48 (C6), pp. C6-171-C6-176.
[cited by applicant]
Mühle, R , “A time-of-flight spectrometer for investigations on liquid metal ion sources”, J. Phys. D: Appl Physucs, 1999. 32(2): 161-7.
[cited by applicant]
Paruchuri, Srinivas , et al., “Splitting of a Liquid Jet”, Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 98:134502, 2007.
[cited by applicant]
Petrik, Stanislav , et al., “Production Nozzle-Less Electrospinning Nanofiber Technology”, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. vol. 1240, 2010 Material Research Society, 1240-W-W03-07.
[cited by applicant]
Ponce De Leon, P.J. , et al., “Batch-Microfabricated Arrays of Electrospinning Emitters for High Throughput Generation of Nanofibers”, Technical Digest of the 12th International Workshop on Micro and Nanotechnology for …
[cited by applicant]
Prewett, P.D. , “Focused Ion Beams from Liquid Metal Ion Sources”, Book, Publisher Research Studies Press. 1991. 19-30, 78-101 and 151-74.
[cited by applicant]
Quéré, David , “Wetting and Roughness”, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2008;38:71-99.
[cited by applicant]
Reneker, Darrell H., et al., “Electrospinning jets and polymer nanofibers”, Polymer, vol. 49, pp. 2387-2425, 2008.
[cited by applicant]
Romero-Sanz, I. , et al., “Source of heavy molecular ions based on Taylor cones of ionic liquids operating in the pure ion evaporation regime”, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 94, pp. 3599-3605, 2003.
[cited by applicant]
Scipioni, L. , et al., “Performance of multicusp plasma ion source for focused ion beam applications”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B. 2000. 18(6). 3194-7.
[cited by applicant]
Seiwert, Jacopo , et al., “Coating of a textured solid”, J. Fluid Mech. 669 55 (2011).
[cited by applicant]
Smith, Noel , et al., “High Brightness Inductively Coupled Plasma Source for High Current Focused Ion Beam Applications”, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B.2006. 24(6): 2902-6.
[cited by applicant]
Srinivasan, Gokul , et al., “Structure and Morphology of Small Diameter Electrospun Aramid Fibers”, Polymer International, No. 36, pp. 195-201, 1995.
[cited by applicant]
Srivastava, Yasmin , “Multijet electrospinning of conducting nanofibers from microfluidic manifolds”, J Appl. Polymer Sci. vol. 106 pp. 3171-3178, 2007.
[cited by applicant]
Suzuki , et al., “Contrast Differenes Between Scanning ION and Scanning Electron Microscope Images”, Journal Vacuum Science and Technology A. 2004. 22(1): 49-52.
[cited by applicant]
Swanson , et al., “Emission Characteristics of Fallium and Bismuth Liquid Metal Ion Sources”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1979. 16(6): 1864-9.
[cited by applicant]
Szilagyi, Miklos , “Electron and Ion Optics”, Plenum Press. 1988. 216-50 and 251-63.
[cited by applicant]
Taylor, Geoffrey Ingram, et al., “Disintegration of Water Drops in an Electric Field”, Proc. R. Soc. London A 280 (1964) 383-397.
[cited by applicant]
Teo, K. B. K., et al., “Uniform patterned growth of carbon nanotubes without surface carbon”, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 79, pp. 1534-1536 (2001).
[cited by applicant]
Thavasi, V. , et al., “Electrospun nanofibers in energy and environmental applications”, Energy Environ. Sci., 2008, 1, 205-221.
[cited by applicant]
Theron, S. A., et al., “Multiple jets in electrospinning: experiment and modeling”, Polymer 46 2889-2899 (2005).
[cited by applicant]
Timilsina, Navin , “Electrospray Thrusters for Attitude Control of a 1-U CubeSat”, University of California, Irvine, Thesis, 2014.
[cited by applicant]
Tomaszewski, Wacław , et al., “Investigation of Electrospinning with the Use of a Multi-jet Electrospinning Head”, Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, vol. 13, pp. 22-26, 2005.
[cited by applicant]
Tseng, Ampere A., “Recent Developments in Nanofabrication Using Focused Ion Beams”, Small. 2005. 1 (10):924-39.
[cited by applicant]
Vaseashta, A. , “Controlled formation of multiple Taylor cones in electrospinning process”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 90, No. 9, 093115 (2007).
[cited by applicant]
Velásquez-García, Luis Fernando, “A Micro-Fabricated Linear Array of Electrospray Emitters for Thruster Applications”, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 15, No. 5, Oct. 2006, pp. 1260-1271.
[cited by applicant]
Velásquez-García, Luis Fernando, “A Planar Array of Micro-Fabricated Electrospray Emitters for Thruster Applications Luis”, J. of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 1272-1280 (2006).
[cited by applicant]
Velásquez-García, Luis F., “An Application of 3-D MEMS Packaging: Out-of-Plane Quadrupole Mass Filters”, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 1430-1438 (2008).
[cited by applicant]
Velásquez-García, Luis Fernando, “CNT-Based MEMS/NEMS Gas Ionizers for Portable Mass Spectrometry Applications”, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 19,No. 3,pp. 484-493 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Velásquez-García, Luis , “Fabrication of large arrays of high-aspect-ratio single-crystal silicon columns with isolated vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube tips”, Nanotechnology. Oct. 8, 2008;19(40): 405305(…
[cited by applicant]
Velásquez-García, Luis Fernando, et al., “Precision Hand Assembly of MEMS Subsystems Using DRIE-Patterned Deflection Spring Structures: An Example of an Out-of-Plane Substrate Assembly”, J of Microelectromechanical Syst…
[cited by applicant]
Velásquez-García, Luis Fernando, “SLA 3-D Printed Arrays of Miniaturized, Internally Fed, Polymer Electrospray Emitters”, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 24, No. 6, Dec. 2015; 24(6):2117-2127, doi: 10.11…
[cited by applicant]
Xiao, Rong , et al., “Prediction and Optimization of Liquid Propagation in Micropillar Arrays”, Langmuir 26 15070-15075 (2010).
[cited by applicant]
Xie, Julie , “Fabrication and Characterization of Sintered Porous Glass Emitters for Electrospray Propulsion”, Thesis submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, J…
[cited by applicant]
Rojas-Herrera, Jimmy , et al., Porous Materials for Ion-Electrospray Spacecraft Microengines.
[cited by applicant]
Legge, Robert , “Final Project: Finite Element Modelling of Ionic Liquid Flow Through Porous Electrospray Emitters”, May 14, 2008.
[cited by applicant]
Lozano, Paulo C., “Energy properties of an EMI-Im ionic liquid ion source”, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39 (2006) 126-134, published Dec. 15, 2005.
[cited by applicant]