Transversely excited film bulk acoustic resonator using rotated z-cut lithium niobate
Acoustic resonator devices, filters, and methods are disclosed. An acoustic resonator includes a substrate and a lithium niobate (LN) plate having parallel front and back surfaces, the back surface attached to a surface of the substrate except for a portion of the LN plate forming a diaphragm that spans a cavity in the substrate. An interdigital transducer (IDT) is formed on the front surface of the LN plate such that interleaved fingers of the IDT are disposed on the diaphragm. The IDT is configured to excite a primary acoustic mode in the diaphragm in response to a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT. A direction of acoustic energy flow of the primary acoustic mode is substantially orthogonal to the surfaces of the diaphragm. The Euler angles of the LN plate are 0°, β, 90°, where β is greater than or equal to −15° and less than 0°.
1. An acoustic resonator device comprising:
a substrate having a surface;
a rotated z-cut lithium niobate plate having front and back surfaces, the back surface attached to the surface of the substrate except for a portion of the lithium niobate plate forming a diaphragm that spans a cavity in the substrate; and
an interdigital transducer (IDT) formed on the front surface of the lithium niobate plate such that interleaved fingers of the IDT are disposed on the diaphragm, the IDT and the lithium niobate plate configured such that a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT excites a shear primary acoustic mode within the diaphragm, wherein
the Euler angles of the lithium niobate plate are [0°, β, 90° ], where β is greater than or equal to −15° and less than 0°.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein β is greater than or equal to −11° and less than or equal to −5°.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein β is greater than or equal to −10° and less than or equal to −7.5°.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein a direction of acoustic energy flow of the primary acoustic mode is substantially normal to the front and back surfaces of the diaphragm.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein a thickness between the front and back surfaces of the lithium niobate plate is greater than or equal to 200 nm and less than or equal to 1000 nm.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein a pitch of the fingers of the IDT is greater than or equal to 2 times the thickness of the lithium niobate plate and less than or equal to 25 times the thickness of the lithium niobate.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein
the fingers of the IDT have a width, and
the pitch is greater than or equal to 2 times the width and less than or equal to 25 times the width.
8. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a front-side dielectric layer formed on the front surface of the lithium niobate plate over and/or between the fingers of the IDT.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the IDT comprises one of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, a copper alloy, beryllium, molybdenum, and gold.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein
the IDT is oriented such that the fingers of the IDT are parallel to the crystalline x-axis of the lithium niobate plate.
11. A filter device, comprising:
a substrate;
a rotated z-cut lithium niobate plate having front and back surfaces, the back surface attached to the surface of the substrate, portions of the lithium niobate plate forming one or more diaphragms spanning respective cavities in the substrate; and
a conductor pattern formed on the front surface, the conductor pattern including a plurality of interdigital transducers (IDTs) of a respective plurality of acoustic resonators, interleaved fingers of each of the plurality of IDTs disposed on the one or more diaphragms, wherein
the lithium niobate plate and all of the IDTs are configured such that respective radio frequency signals applied to the IDTs excite respective shear primary acoustic modes within the respective diaphragms, and
the Euler angles of the rotated z-cut lithium niobate plate are 0°,β, 90°, where β is greater than or equal to −15° and less than 0°.
12. The filter device of claim 11 , wherein β is greater than or equal to −11° and less than or equal to −5°.
13. The filter device of claim 12 , wherein β is greater than or equal to −10° and less than or equal to −7.5°.
14. The filter device of claim 11 , wherein a direction of acoustic energy flow of all of the primary acoustic modes is substantially orthogonal to the front and backs surfaces of the respective diaphragms.
15. The filter device of claim 11 , wherein a thickness between the front and back surfaces of the single-crystal lithium niobate is greater than or equal to 200 nm and less than or equal to 1000 nm.
16. The filter device of claim 11 , wherein each of the plurality of IDTs is disposed on a respective diaphragm spanning a respective cavity.
17. A method of fabricating an acoustic resonator device, comprising:
bonding a rotated z-cut lithium niobate plate to a substrate;
forming a cavity in the substrate, before or after bonding the lithium niobate plate to the substrate, such that a portion of the lithium niobate plate forms a diaphragm spanning the cavity; and
forming an interdigital transducer (IDT) on a front surface of the lithium niobate plate such that interleaved fingers of the IDT are disposed on the diaphragm, the IDT and the lithium niobate plate configured such that a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT excite˜ a shear primary acoustic mode within the diaphragm, wherein
the Euler angles of the rotated z-cut lithium niobate plate are 0°,β, 90°, where β is greater than or equal to −15° and less than 0°.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein β is greater than or equal to −11° and less than or equal to −5°.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein β is greater than or equal to −10° and less than or equal to −7.5°.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein a direction of acoustic energy flow of the primary acoustic mode is substantially normal to the front and back surfaces of the diaphragm.