Toner
A toner comprising a toner particle comprising: a toner base particle comprising a binder resin; and an organosilicon polymer at a surface of the toner base particle, wherein protruded portions constituted from the organosilicon polymer are present at the surface of the toner base particle, when a protruded portion having a height of 30 to 200 nm among the protruded portions is defined as a protrusion x, and the protrusion x is observed in a specific condition using a scanning electron microscope, an average aspect ratio of the protrusion x is 1.3 or more, and when shape measurements of a specific region of the surface of the toner particle are carried out using an atomic force microscope and measured data obtained by observing the protruded portions at the surface of the toner particle is subjected to surface roughness analysis, an average angle of inclination Δa is 1.0 to 2.0°.
1 . A toner, comprising:
a toner particle comprising a toner base particle;
the toner base particle comprising a binder resin;
the toner base particle having an organosilicon polymer at a surface thereof; and
protruded portions constituted by the organosilicon polymer being present at the surface of the toner base particle, wherein
an average aspect ratio of protrusion x is 1.3 or more when protrusion x is a protruded portion having a height of 30 to 200 nm among the protruded portions and is observed in a normal direction from the surface of the toner particle using a scanning electron microscope, and
an average angle of inclination Δa is 1.0 to 2.0° when shape measurements of a region measuring 1 μm 2 at the surface of the toner particle are carried out using an atomic force microscope and measured data obtained by observing the protruded portions at the surface of the toner particle is subjected to surface roughness analysis.
2 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a density Spd of protruded portions having peak heights of at least ¾ of Sp is 17 to 93 protruded portions/μm 2 when Sp (nm) is a maximum peak height of the protruded portions in the surface roughness analysis.
3 . The toner according to claim 2 , wherein Spd is 25 to 65 protruded portions/μm 2 .
4 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner base particle comprises an organosilicon compound segment, and
the normalized intensity of silicon ions (m/z=28) is 0.0008 to 0.0800 obtained by measuring the toner base particle using time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry.
5 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein (Sc/S) is 0.40 to 0.70 when S is a total area of the surface of the toner particle and Sc is an area of those regions of the surface of the toner particle where the surface of the toner base particle is coated with the organosilicon polymer.
6 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the binder resin comprises a styrene acrylic resin having a monomer unit represented by Formula (1):
where R 1 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and m denotes an integer of 10 to 22.
7 . The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the binder resin comprises a structure represented by Formula (3)
where L 2 denotes —COO(CH 2 ) n —, n denotes an integer of 1 to 10, a carbonyl group in L 2 bonds to a carbon atom having R 2 in the main chain, and R 2 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.