Power and area efficient adaptive equalization
View Patent ↗Methods, apparatuses, and systems are presented for performing channel equalization comprising receiving a signal from a channel associated with inter-symbol interference, processing the received signal to effectively apply a plurality of linearly independent impulse responses to the received signal to produce a plurality of intermediate signals, scaling each of the intermediate signals by each of a plurality of multiplier factors to produce a plurality of scaled signals, and combining the scaled signals to produce a resulting signal corresponding to an equalized version of the received signal in order to reduce effects of inter-symbol interference. Processing of the received signal may comprise providing the received signal to an LCR network comprising a plurality of inductors and a plurality of capacitors and generating, as the intermediate signals, a plurality of inductor signals representing currents through the plurality of inductors and a plurality of capacitor signals representing voltages across the plurality of capacitors.
1. A method for performing channel equalization comprising:
receiving a signal from a channel associated with inter-symbol interference;
processing the received signal to effectively apply a plurality of linearly independent impulse responses to the received signal to produce a plurality of intermediate signals, the processing comprising providing the received signal to an inductor, capacitor, resistance (LCR) network representing a Bessel filter having a bandwidth within an order of magnitude as a data transmission rate associated with the received signal, the LCR network comprising a plurality of inductors connected in series to form an inductor chain and a plurality of capacitors each connected between a position along the inductor chain and a common position, and generating, as the intermediate signals, a plurality of inductor signals representing currents through the plurality of inductors and a plurality of capacitor signals representing voltages across the plurality of capacitors;
scaling each of the plurality of intermediate signals by each of a plurality of multiplier factors to produce a plurality of scaled signals; and
combining the plurality of scaled signals to produce a resulting signal corresponding to an equalized version of the received signal in order to reduce effects of the inter-symbol interference.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the LCR network is singly terminated by a resistor connected to one end of the inductor chain.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the LCR network is doubly terminated by a resistor connected to one end of the inductor chain and another resistor connected to another end of the inductor chain.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising dynamically adjusting the plurality of multiplier factors to reduce an error measure based on the resulting signal.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the plurality to multiplier factors are dynamically adjusted according to a least mean square (LMS) algorithm.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the LMS algorithm utilizes the intermediate signals as gradient signals in dynamically adjusting the plurality multiplier factors.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the ISI is associated with polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and the equalized signal has reduced effects relating to PMD.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of linearly independent impulse responses are orthogonal impulse responses.
9. A apparatus for performing channel equalization comprising:
a plurality of filtering elements configured to respond to a signal received from a channel associated with inter-symbol interference, the plurality of filtering elements characterized by linearly independent impulse responses with respect to the received signal, the plurality of filtering elements capable of producing a plurality of intermediate signals in response to the received signal according to the linearly independent impulse responses, wherein the plurality of filtering elements comprises inductors and capacitors in an inductor, capacitor, resistance (LCR) network representing a Bessel filter having a bandwidth within an order of magnitude as a data transmission rate associated with the received signal, with the plurality of inductors connected in series to form an inductor chain and the plurality of capacitors each connected between a position along the inductor chain and a common position, and wherein the plurality intermediate signals comprise a plurality of inductor signals representing currents through a plurality of inductors and a plurality of capacitor signals representing voltages across a plurality of capacitors;
a plurality of scaling elements configured to scale each of the plurality of intermediate signals by each of a plurality of multiplier factors to produce a plurality of scaled signals; and
a combining node configured to combine the plurality of scaled signals to produce a resulting signal corresponding to an equalized version of the received signal in order to reduce effects of inter-symbol interference.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the LCR network is singly terminated by a resistor connected to one end of the inductor chain.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the LCR network is doubly terminated by a resistor connected to one end of the inductor chain and another resistor connected to another end of the inductor chain.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the plurality of scaling elements are controllable to dynamically adjust the multiplier factors to reduce an error measure based on the resulting signal.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the plurality multiplier factors are dynamically adjustable according to a least mean square (LMS) algorithm.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the LMS algorithm utilizes the plurality of intermediate signals as gradient signals to dynamically adjust the plurality of multiplier factors.
15. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the ISI is associated with polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and the equalized signal has reduced effects relating to PMD.
16. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the plurality of linearly independent impulse responses are orthogonal impulse responses.