Anode for sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries
A first method for fabricating an anode for use in sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries includes mixing a conductive carbon material having a low surface area, a hard carbon material, and a binder material. A carbon-composite material is thus formed and coated on a conductive substrate. A second method for fabricating an anode for use in sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries mixes a metal-containing material, a hard carbon material, and binder material. A carbon-composite material is thus formed and coated on a conductive substrate. A third method for fabricating an anode for use in sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries provides a hard carbon material having a pyrolyzed polymer coating that is mixed with a binder material to form a carbon-composite material, which is coated on a conductive substrate. Descriptions of the anodes and batteries formed by the above-described methods are also provided.
1. A sodium-ion or potassium-ion battery, the battery comprising:
a transition metal hexacyanometallate (TMHCM) cathode;
a non-aqueous electrolyte;
an anode comprising:
a conductive substrate;
a carbon-composite material overlying the conductive substrate comprising:
a hard carbon material;
a conductive carbon material having a low surface area;
a binder material;
wherein a carbon-composite material is defined herein as a mixture of two or more different materials, in which at least one material is a carbon material; and,
an ion-permeable membrane separating the anode from the cathode.
2. A sodium-ion or potassium-ion battery, the battery comprising:
a transition metal hexacyanometallate (TMHCM) cathode;
a non-aqueous electrolyte;
an anode comprising:
a conductive substrate;
a carbon-composite material overlying the conductive substrate comprising:
a hard carbon material;
a metal-containing material;
a binder material;
wherein a carbon-composite material is defined herein as a mixture of two or more different materials, in which at least one material is a carbon material; and,
an ion-permeable membrane separating the anode from the cathode.
3. A sodium-ion or potassium-ion battery, the battery comprising:
a transition metal hexacyanometallate (TMHCM) cathode;
a non-aqueous electrolyte;
an anode comprising:
a conductive substrate;
a carbon-composite material overlying the conductive substrate comprising a hard carbon material with a pyrolyzed polymer coating;
a binder material;
wherein a carbon-composite material is defined herein as a mixture of two or more different materials, in which at least one material is a carbon material; and,
an ion-permeable membrane separating the anode from the cathode.
4. A sodium-ion or potassium-ion battery, the battery comprising:
a transition metal hexacyanometallate (TMHCM) cathode;
a non-aqueous electrolyte;
an anode comprising:
a conductive substrate;
a carbon-composite material overlying the conductive substrate comprising:
a hard carbon material;
a metal-containing material, excluding materials capable of forming an alloy with sodium and potassium, wherein an alloy is defined as a substance composed of two or more metals, or of a metal or metals with a nonmetal;
a binder material;
wherein a carbon-composite material is defined herein as a mixture of two or more different materials, in which at least one material is a carbon material; and,
an ion-permeable membrane separating the anode from the cathode.