Integrated circuit chip with power delivery network on the backside of the chip
An integrated circuit (IC) chip having power and ground rails incorporated in the front end of line (FEOL) is disclosed. In one aspect, these power and ground rails are at the same level as the active devices and are therefore buried deep in the IC, as seen from the front of the chip. The connection from the buried interconnects to the source and drain areas is established by local interconnects. These local interconnects are not part of the back end of line, but they are for the most part embedded in a pre-metal dielectric layer onto which the BEOL is produced. In a further aspect, a power delivery network (PDN) of the IC is located in its entirety on the backside of the chip. The PDN is connected to the buried interconnects through suitable connections, for example metal-filled through-semiconductor vias or through silicon vias.
1. An integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising:
a front end of line (FEOL) portion comprising active devices;
a pre-metal dielectric layer on top of the front end of line portion;
a back end of line (BEOL) portion on top of the pre-metal dielectric layer;
one or more power terminals and one or more reference terminals; and
a power delivery network (PDN) connecting a plurality of the active devices to the one or more power terminals and the one or more reference terminals, wherein the front end of line portion comprises a plurality of interconnect rails, comprising at least one power rail and at least one reference rail, wherein the power delivery network is connected to the plurality of interconnect rails by metal-filled through-semiconductor vias (TSVs) through the front end of the line portion or by damascene-type contacts, wherein the plurality of active devices are connected to the at least one power and reference rail through local interconnects that are not part of the BEOL portion and which are at least partially embedded in the pre-metal dielectric layer, wherein the power delivery network is entirely located underneath the front end of line portion, and wherein the power delivery network connects the at least one power rail and at least one reference rail, respectively, to the power and reference terminals.
2. The IC chip according to claim 1 , wherein the FEOL portion comprises a semiconductor substrate, and wherein the interconnect rails are at least partially buried in the semiconductor substrate.
3. The IC chip according to claim 2 , wherein the power delivery network is connected to the interconnect rails by metal-filled through-semiconductor vias (TSVs) through the semiconductor substrate.
4. The IC chip according to claim 1 , wherein the FEOL portion comprises a dielectric layer that is itself formed on a semiconductor substrate, wherein the interconnect rails are at least partially buried in the dielectric layer, and wherein the power delivery network is connected to the buried interconnect rails by metal-filled through-semiconductor vias (TSVs) through the dielectric layer or by damascene-type contacts.
5. A method of producing an integrated circuit (IC) chip according to claim 1 , the method comprising the consecutive steps of:
producing the FEOL portion, the pre-metal dielectric and the BEOL portion on a first substrate, the FEOL portion comprising a plurality of interconnect rails connected to active devices in the FEOL portion through local interconnects at least partially embedded in the pre-metal dielectric;
bonding the first substrate to an auxiliary substrate with the BEOL portion attached to the auxiliary substrate;
thinning the first substrate;
producing contacts from the back of the thinned substrate, to the interconnect rails in the FEOL portion; and
producing the power delivery network on the back of the thinned substrate.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the contacts are produced by etching Trough Semiconductor Via openings through the thinned substrate and filling these via openings with conductive material.
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the contacts are produced by damascene processing.
8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein thinning of the substrate is performed until reaching the back of the interconnect rails.
9. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the FEOL portion comprises a dielectric layer that is itself part of the first substrate, and wherein the step of thinning continues at least until reaching the dielectric layer.
10. An integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising:
a front end of line (FEOL) portion comprising active devices;
a pre-metal dielectric layer on top of the front end of line portion;
a back end of line (BEOL) portion on top of the pre-metal dielectric layer;
one or more power terminals and one or more reference terminals; and
a power delivery network (PDN) connecting a plurality of the active devices to the one or more power terminals and the one or more reference terminals, wherein the front end of line portion comprises a plurality of interconnect rails, comprising at least one power rail and at least one reference rail, wherein the plurality of active devices are connected to the at least one power and reference rail through local interconnects that are not part of the back end of the line portion and which are at least partially embedded in the pre-metal dielectric layer, wherein the power delivery network is entirely located underneath the front end of line portion, wherein the power delivery network connects the at least one power rail and the at least one reference rail, respectively, to the power and reference terminals, and wherein a plurality of parallel power rails and reference rails are alternately arranged, and wherein the active devices are located in between pairs of adjacent power and reference rails.
11. The IC chip according to claim 10 , wherein the active devices comprise finFET transistors which include fins arranged essentially parallel to the interconnect rails, each of the finFET transistors comprising source and drain areas and a gate electrode, and wherein at least some of the source and drain areas of the transistors are connected to the power and reference rails through the local interconnects.
12. An integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising:
a front end of line (FEOL) portion comprising active devices;
a pre-metal dielectric layer on top of the front end of line portion;
a back end of line (BEOL) portion on top of the pre-metal dielectric layer;
one or more power terminals and one or more reference terminals; and
a power delivery network (PDN) connecting a plurality of the active devices to the one or more power terminals and the one or more reference terminals, wherein the front end of line portion comprises a plurality of interconnect rails, comprising at least one power rail and at least one reference rail, wherein the plurality of active devices are connected to the at least one power and reference rail through local interconnects that are not part of the back end of the line portion and which are at least partially embedded in the pre-metal dielectric layer, wherein the power delivery network is entirely located underneath the front end of line portion, wherein the power delivery network connects the at least one power rail and the at least one reference rail, respectively, to the power and reference terminals, and wherein a signal path is routed through the power delivery network, between the BEOL portion and a signal terminal.
13. The IC according to claim 12 , wherein the signal path comprises a further local interconnect at least partially embedded in the pre-metal dielectric layer and connected between the BEOL portion and a portion of an interconnect rail that is isolated from the rest of the rail.
14. The IC chip according to claim 12 , wherein the FEOL portion further comprises at least one interconnect rail that is:
not connected to the power and reference terminals; and
a part of the signal path and connected to the BEOL portion, via one or more additional local interconnects which are at least partially embedded in the pre-metal dielectric layer.
15. An integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising:
a front end of line (FEOL) portion comprising
active devices comprising a plurality of source drain areas, and
a plurality of laterally extending interconnect rails, comprising at least one power rail and at least one reference rail;
a pre-metal dielectric layer formed over the front end of line portion;
a back end of line (BEOL) portion formed over the pre-metal dielectric layer;
local interconnects providing a lateral connection between the plurality of source drain areas and the plurality of interconnect rails in the front end of line portion, wherein the local interconnects are not part of the back end of line portion and are at least partially embedded in the pre-metal dielectric layer;
one or more power terminals and one or more reference terminals; and
a power delivery network (PDN) connecting a plurality of the active devices to the one or more power terminals and the one or more reference terminals, wherein the power delivery network is entirely located underneath the front end of line portion and connects the at least one power rail and the at least one reference rail, respectively, to the power and reference terminals.
16. The IC chip according to claim 15 , wherein the plurality of active devices comprise finFET transistors which include fins, and wherein the local interconnects are arranged tranversely to the fins.
17. The IC chip according to claim 15 , wherein the local interconnects contact a top of the at least one power rail and the at least one reference rail.
18. The IC chip according to claim 15 , wherein the local interconnects are formed of a different material than the at least one power rail and the at least one reference rail.
19. The IC chip according to claim 18 , wherein the local interconnects are formed of a material comprising a metal and the at least one power rail and the at least one reference rail are formed of a material comprising doped silicon.
20. The IC chip according to claim 15 , wherein the at least one power rail and the at least one reference rail run along parallel tracks transverse to the local interconnects.